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  2. Osmium - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmium

    Osmium forms compounds with oxidation states ranging from −4 to +8. The most common oxidation states are +2, +3, +4, and +8. The +8 oxidation state is notable for being the highest attained by any chemical element aside from iridium's +9 [21] and is encountered only in xenon, [22] [23] ruthenium, [24] hassium, [25] iridium, [26] and plutonium.

  3. Prices of chemical elements - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prices_of_chemical_elements

    Data on elements' abundance in Earth's crust is added for comparison. As of 2020, the most expensive non-synthetic element by both mass and volume is rhodium. It is followed by caesium, iridium and palladium by mass and iridium, gold and platinum by volume. Carbon in the form of diamond can be more expensive than rhodium. Per-kilogram prices of ...

  4. Abundance of elements in Earth's crust - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abundance_of_elements_in...

    The Earth's crust is one "reservoir" for measurements of abundance. A reservoir is any large body to be studied as unit, like the ocean, atmosphere, mantle or crust. Different reservoirs may have different relative amounts of each element due to different chemical or mechanical processes involved in the creation of the reservoir.

  5. Precious metal - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precious_metal

    Other precious metals include the platinum group metals: ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium, and platinum, of which platinum is the most widely traded. [1] The demand for precious metals is driven not only by their practical use but also by their role as investments and a store of value. Historically, precious metals have commanded ...

  6. Abundance of the chemical elements - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abundance_of_the_chemical...

    The abundance of the chemical elements is a measure of the occurrences of the chemical elements relative to all other elements in a given environment. Abundance is measured in one of three ways: by mass fraction (in commercial contexts often called weight fraction), by mole fraction (fraction of atoms by numerical count, or sometimes fraction of molecules in gases), or by volume fraction.

  7. Illinois among most expensive states to buy groceries ... - AOL

    www.aol.com/illinois-among-most-expensive-states...

    The most expensive states in order were California, Nevada and Mississippi at $297.72, $294.76 and $290.64 a week on groceries in respective order. Groceries divided by price by city, state, country

  8. Group 8 element - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_8_element

    With its similar properties to and lower cost than rhodium, electric contacts are a major use of ruthenium. The ruthenium plate is applied to the electrical contact and electrode base metal by electroplating or sputtering. Osmium is a hard but brittle metal that remains lustrous even at high temperatures. It has a very low compressibility.

  9. This is the most expensive state for a family of 4 - AOL

    www.aol.com/finance/most-expensive-state-family...

    The state requires a family to make $150,000 to cover basic expenses, study shows. This is the most expensive state for a family of 4 — surprise, it’s not California or New York Skip to main ...