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Aldehydes and ketones can be reduced respectively to primary and secondary alcohols. In deoxygenation, the alcohol group can be further reduced and removed altogether by replacement with H. Two broad strategies exist for carbonyl reduction. One method, which is favored in industry, uses hydrogen as the reductant.
The Mozingo reduction, also known as Mozingo reaction or thioketal reduction, is a chemical reaction capable of fully reducing a ketone or aldehyde to the corresponding alkane via a dithioacetal. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The reaction scheme is as follows: [ 3 ]
The Corey–Fuchs reaction, also known as the Ramirez–Corey–Fuchs reaction, is a series of chemical reactions designed to transform an aldehyde into an alkyne. [1] [2] [3] The formation of the 1,1-dibromoolefins via phosphine-dibromomethylenes was originally discovered by Desai, McKelvie and Ramirez. [4]
The mechanism of reductions of aldehydes and ketones by samarium(II) iodide is based primarily on mechanisms elucidated for similar one-electron reducing agents. [12] Upon single-electron transfer, a ketyl dimer iv forms. In the absence of protic solvent, this dimer collapses to form 1,2-diols.
Reductions with hydrosilanes are methods used for hydrogenation and hydrogenolysis of organic compounds.The approach is a subset of ionic hydrogenation.In this particular method, the substrate is treated with a hydrosilane and auxiliary reagent, often a strong acid, resulting in formal transfer of hydride from silicon to carbon. [1]
The Wolff–Kishner reduction is a reaction used in organic chemistry to convert carbonyl functionalities into methylene groups. [1] [2] In the context of complex molecule synthesis, it is most frequently employed to remove a carbonyl group after it has served its synthetic purpose of activating an intermediate in a preceding step.
The Shapiro reaction or tosylhydrazone decomposition is an organic reaction in which a ketone or aldehyde is converted to an alkene through an intermediate hydrazone in the presence of 2 equivalents of organolithium reagent. [1] [2] [3] The reaction was discovered by Robert H. Shapiro in 1967. [4]
The Strecker degradation is a chemical reaction which converts an α-amino acid into an aldehyde containing the side chain, by way of an imine intermediate. It is named after Adolph Strecker, a German chemist. The original observation by Strecker involved the use of alloxan as the oxidant in the first step, [1] followed by hydrolysis: