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Aldehydes and ketones can be reduced respectively to primary and secondary alcohols. In deoxygenation, the alcohol group can be further reduced and removed altogether by replacement with H. Two broad strategies exist for carbonyl reduction. One method, which is favored in industry, uses hydrogen as the reductant.
The second step is the deoxygenation of the pinacolate, which yields the alkene, this second step exploits the oxophilicity of titanium. A proposed mechanism when TiCl 4 and Zn(Cu) are used for the coupling of benzophenone, as proposed in a reference. [3] Note that the mechanism may vary when different conditions are used.
Generally, Benedict's test detects the presence of aldehyde groups, alpha-hydroxy-ketones, and hemiacetals, including those that occur in certain ketoses. In example, although the ketose fructose is not strictly a reducing sugar, it is an alpha-hydroxy-ketone which results to a positive test because the base component of Benedict converts it ...
The Wolff–Kishner reduction is a reaction used in organic chemistry to convert carbonyl functionalities into methylene groups. [1] [2] In the context of complex molecule synthesis, it is most frequently employed to remove a carbonyl group after it has served its synthetic purpose of activating an intermediate in a preceding step.
Deoxygenation is a chemical reaction involving the removal of oxygen atoms from a molecule. The term also refers to the removal of molecular oxygen (O 2 ) from gases and solvents, a step in air-free technique and gas purifiers .
Aldehydes The structure of the fuchsin dye. The Schiff test is an early organic chemistry named reaction developed by Hugo Schiff , [ 1 ] and is a relatively general chemical test for detection of many organic aldehydes that has also found use in the staining of biological tissues. [ 2 ]
The Mozingo reduction, also known as Mozingo reaction or thioketal reduction, is a chemical reaction capable of fully reducing a ketone or aldehyde to the corresponding alkane via a dithioacetal. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The reaction scheme is as follows: [ 3 ]
The Dakin oxidation. The Dakin oxidation (or Dakin reaction) is an organic redox reaction in which an ortho- or para-hydroxylated phenyl aldehyde (2-hydroxybenzaldehyde or 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde) or ketone reacts with hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2) in base to form a benzenediol and a carboxylate.