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In the lungless salamanders (family Plethodontidae and the clawed salamanders in the family of Asiatic salamanders), no lungs or gills are present, and gas exchange mostly takes place through the skin, known as cutaneous respiration, supplemented by the tissues lining the mouth. To facilitate this, these salamanders have a dense network of ...
These amphibians usually sequester toxins from animals and plants on which they feed, commonly from poisonous insects or poisonous plants. Except certain salamandrid salamanders that can extrude sharp venom-tipped ribs, [ 1 ] [ 2 ] and two species of frogs with venom-tipped bone spurs on their skulls, amphibians are not known to actively inject ...
The rough-skinned newt Taricha granulosa of the Pacific Northwest produces more than enough tetrodotoxin to kill an adult human, and some Native Americans of the Pacific Northwest used the toxin to poison their enemies. [15] However, the toxins are only dangerous if ingested or otherwise enter the body; for example, through a wound.
The giant salamander is known to vocalize, making barking, whining, hissing, or crying sounds. [20] Some of these vocalizations bear a striking resemblance to the crying of a young human child, and as such, it is known in the Chinese language as the "infant fish" (娃娃鱼 / 鲵 - Wáwáyú/ ní). [21]
Like in the majority of salamander species, there are four toes on the fore limbs and five on the hind limbs. They have paedomorphic traits, meaning their metamorphosis from the larval stage is incomplete, so they lack eyelids and the adults retain gill slits (open in the hellbender, closed in Andrias).
Male marbled salamanders have also been shown to have a higher survivorship than females. [9] Marbled Salamanders in the northern portions of their range can also go into a state of torpor to survive the cold months. [10] Adults spend most of their time in their burrows or under logs, as is the case with most mole salamanders.
Japanese giant salamanders in Tottori Prefecture, Japan, showing notable color variation among individuals within the same population. Andrias japonicus skull. The Japanese giant salamander (Andrias japonicus) is a species of fully aquatic giant salamander endemic to Japan, occurring across the western portion of the main island of Honshu, with smaller populations present on Shikoku and in ...
Other closely related salamanders in the same family are in the genus Andrias, which contains the Japanese and Chinese giant salamanders. The hellbender is much larger than any other salamander in its geographic range, and employs an unusual adaption for respiration through cutaneous gas exchange via capillaries found in its lateral skin folds.