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The first shark-like chondrichthyans appeared in the oceans 400 million years ago, [1] developing into the crown group of sharks by the Early Jurassic. [2] Listed below are extant species of shark. Sharks are spread across 512 described and 23 undescribed species in eight orders. The families and genera within the orders are listed in ...
Sharks are split into eight orders: Carcharhiniformes: ground sharks, the largest order of sharks, including requiem sharks, catsharks, swellsharks, houndsharks, weasel sharks and hammerheads; Heterodontiformes: bullhead sharks; Hexanchiformes: cow sharks and frilled sharks; Lamniformes: mackerel sharks, including thresher sharks
There are numerous species of sharks found in the Pacific Ocean; of these sharks, 36 [1] have habitat ranges throughout the coastlines and surrounding waters of California, as identified below. Identifications include common names; scientific names; the taxonomic rank, family; conservation statuses according to IUCN; and an image.
Shark skeletons are very different from those of bony fish and terrestrial vertebrates. Sharks and other cartilaginous fish (skates and rays) have skeletons made of cartilage and connective tissue. Cartilage is flexible and durable, yet is about half the normal density of bone. This reduces the skeleton's weight, saving energy. [29]
Bodies of water in which sharks can be found include: Seas: all; Freshwater – some species of shark can live both in seawater and freshwater, and include: Bull shark; River shark; Sandbar shark; Depths: from the surface down to depths of 2,000 metres (6,600 ft). A whale shark in the Georgia Aquarium
Shark attacks on humans are very, very rare. But there are still some places around the world where they are more likely than others. These are the world’s shark hotspots.
The 2007 film Sharkwater documents ways in which sharks are being hunted to extinction. [15] In 2009, the IUCN Shark Specialist Group reported on the conservation status of pelagic (open water) sharks and rays. They found that over half the pelagic sharks targeted by high-seas fisheries were threatened with extinction. [16] [17] [18]
Shark research is hard to get funding for, in part, because sharks aren’t a commercial species. Yet the irony is that they affect commercial species, namely fish populations.
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