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Gray leaf spot (GLS) is a foliar fungal disease that affects grasses. In grasses other than maize it is caused by Pyricularia grisea , which only infects perennial ryegrass , tall fescue , and St. Augustine grass in places with warm and rainy climates.
Symptoms of St. Augustine Decline Syndrome on St. Augustine grass (Stenotaphrum secundatum) are mild green mosaics in addition to mottling and streaking of leaves. [2] In extreme cases, a turf grass crop may experience chlorosis if the disease affects susceptible plants. The disease is spread only through mechanical vectors, such as mowing.
For example, if St. Augustine grass is kept at 4 inches, it should be mowed before it reaches a height above 6 inches. Schiavon recommends mowing when it reaches 5.2 inches.
According to Mayer, "Regularly raking leaves helps your lawn breathe and stay healthy [by] allowing sunlight and air to penetrate the lawn canopy, preventing disease and promoting grass growth."
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Symptoms can overlap across causal agents, however differing signs and symptoms of certain pathogens can lead to the diagnosis of the type of leaf spot disease. Prolonged wet and humid conditions promote leaf spot disease and most pathogens are spread by wind, splashing rain or irrigation that carry the disease to other leaves.
St. Augustine is a dark green grass with broad, flat blades. It spreads by aboveground stolons , commonly known as "runners", and forms a dense layer. The grass occurs on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean , [ 1 ] including much of the southeastern United States, Texas, [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Mexico, and Central and South America. [ 1 ]
The disease severity is dependent on weather, wetter and warmer weather is usually favorable to the pathogen. [4] Dry weather in the summer reduces the ability of infection and crown rot begins. This causes a reduction in vigor and drought tolerance, eventually leading to the grass “melting out” (yellowing of the host) and dying.