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Glipizide, sold under the brand name Glucotrol among others, is an anti-diabetic medication of the sulfonylurea class used to treat type 2 diabetes. [1] [2] It is used together with a diabetic diet and exercise. [1] [2] It is not indicated for use by itself in type 1 diabetes. [1] [2] It is taken by mouth.
With dose-dependent concentrations the half-life is about 12–13 hours, Tmax 1–2 hours and it is protein-bound, so the medication has a rapid absorption and minimal excretion by the kidney. [ 49 ] Dapagliflozin disposition is not evidently affected by body mass index (BMI) or body weight , therefore the pharmacokinetic findings are expected ...
GLP-1 and GIP have extremely short plasma half-lives due to very rapid inactivation, catalyzed by the enzyme DPP-4. Inhibition of DPP-4 slows their inactivation, thereby potentiating their action, leading to lower plasma glucose levels, hence its utility in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. (Figure 1). [2] [7]
As an example we can take the change of o-glycosides to c-glycosides by creating a carbon–carbon bond between the glucose and the aglycone moiety. C-glucosides are more stable than o-glucosides which leads to modified half-life and duration of action. These modifications have also led to more specificity to SGLT-2. [9]
Glimepiride is an antidiabetic medication within the sulfonylurea class, primarily prescribed for the management of type 2 diabetes. [1] [2] It is regarded as a second-line option compared to metformin, due to metformin's well-established safety and efficacy. [1]
Sitagliptin, sold under the brand name Januvia among others, is an anti-diabetic medication used to treat type 2 diabetes. [8] In the United Kingdom it is listed as less preferred than metformin or a sulfonylurea. [9]
Being resistant to dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), [5] the enzyme that breaks down GLP-1, albiglutide has a biological half-life of five (four to seven) days, which is considerably longer than the older GLP-1 analogs exenatide and liraglutide.
Vildagliptin, sold under the brand name Galvus and others, is an oral anti-hyperglycemic agent (anti-diabetic drug) of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor class of drugs.