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Preservation of lung volumes in the presence of increased interstitial markings is a radiographic hallmark of LAM that helps distinguish it from most other interstitial lung diseases, in which alveolar septal and interstitial expansion tend to increase the lung's elastic recoil properties and decreased lung volumes.
Interstitial lung disease (ILD), or diffuse parenchymal lung disease (DPLD), [3] is a group of respiratory diseases affecting the interstitium (the tissue) and space around the alveoli (air sacs) of the lungs. [4] It concerns alveolar epithelium, pulmonary capillary endothelium, basement membrane, and perivascular and perilymphatic tissues. It ...
Infection-induced iBALT structures contained CD4+ T cells, B220+ B cells (D), and CD21+ follicular dendritic cells (E). Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) is a tertiary lymphoid structure. It is a part of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), and it consists of lymphoid follicles in the lungs and bronchus. BALT is an effective ...
Restrictive lung diseases are a category of extrapulmonary, pleural, or parenchymal respiratory diseases that restrict lung expansion, [2] resulting in a decreased lung volume, an increased work of breathing, and inadequate ventilation and/or oxygenation. Pulmonary function test demonstrates a decrease in the forced vital capacity.
Infiltrate or consolidation - Opacification of airspaces within the lung parenchyma. Consolidation or infiltrate can be dense or patchy and might have irregular, ill-defined, or hazy borders. Dense homogenous opacity in right, middle and lower lobe of primary pulmonary TB.
In most DIPNECH cases, upon examination of the lung tissue, the overgrowth of pulmonary neuroendocrine cells is seen along the small airways, with extension through the basement membrane of the bronchiolar epithelium leading to formation of carcinoid tumorlets. When the tumorlets become greater than 5mm in size they are considered bronchial ...
Well-demarcated, nodular lesions ranging 2–5 mm in pulmonary parenchyma. Type II pneumocytes without nuclear atypia lined thickened alveolar septa and proliferated papillary structures. Enlarged cuboidal cells lining mildly thickened alveolar septa. [11] Enlarged cuboidal cells have abundant, eosinophilic cytoplasm and large, round nuclei. [12]
A pulmonary infiltrate is a substance denser than air, such as pus, blood, or protein, which lingers within the parenchyma of the lungs. [1] Pulmonary infiltrates are associated with pneumonia, tuberculosis, [citation needed] and sarcoidosis. [2] Pulmonary infiltrates can be observed on a chest radiograph. [citation needed]