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Phenylbiguanide (PBG) is a 5-HT3 agonist used to study the role of 5-HT3 receptors in the central nervous system. [1] It has been found to trigger dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens of rats. [2]
In organic chemistry, neighbouring group participation (NGP, also known as anchimeric assistance) has been defined by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) as the interaction of a reaction centre with a lone pair of electrons in an atom or the electrons present in a sigma or pi bond contained within the parent molecule but not conjugated with the reaction centre.
A molecule may be nonpolar either when there is an equal sharing of electrons between the two atoms of a diatomic molecule or because of the symmetrical arrangement of polar bonds in a more complex molecule. For example, boron trifluoride (BF 3) has a trigonal planar arrangement of three polar bonds at 120°. This results in no overall dipole ...
An odd number is an indication of the involvement of a charged C atom or of a heteroatom lone pair replacing a CC double bond. Thus, [1,5] and [3,3] shifts become [1,4] and [2,3] shifts with heteroatoms, while preserving symmetry considerations. Hydrogens are omitted in the third example for clarity.
There is no more than 1 sigma bond between any two atoms. Molecules with rings have additional sigma bonds, such as benzene rings, which have 6 C−C sigma bonds within the ring for 6 carbon atoms. The anthracene molecule, C 14 H 10, has three rings so that the rule gives the number of sigma bonds as 24 + 3 − 1 = 26. In this case there are 16 ...
Biguanide (/ b aɪ ˈ ɡ w ɒ n aɪ d /) is the organic compound with the formula HN(C(NH)NH 2) 2. It is a colorless solid that dissolves in water to give a highly basic solution. It is a colorless solid that dissolves in water to give a highly basic solution.
In Organic chemistry, the inductive effect in a molecule is a local change in the electron density due to electron-withdrawing or electron-donating groups elsewhere in the molecule, resulting in a permanent dipole in a bond. [1] It is present in a σ (sigma) bond, unlike the electromeric effect which is present in a π (pi) bond.
The bond lengths between carbon atoms in a phenyl group are approximately 1.4 Å. [6] In 1 H-NMR spectroscopy, protons of a phenyl group typically have chemical shifts around 7.27 ppm. These chemical shifts are influenced by aromatic ring current and may change depending on substituents.