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  2. X-ray diffraction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray_diffraction

    This is the method used in the original discovery of X-ray diffraction. Laue scattering provides much structural information with only a short exposure to the X-ray beam, and is therefore used in structural studies of very rapid events (time resolved crystallography). However, it is not as well-suited as monochromatic scattering for determining ...

  3. X-ray crystallography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray_crystallography

    An X-ray diffraction pattern of a crystallized enzyme. The pattern of spots (reflections) and the relative strength of each spot (intensities) can be used to determine the structure of the enzyme. The relative intensities of the reflections provides information to determine the arrangement of molecules within the crystal in atomic detail.

  4. Multi-wavelength anomalous diffraction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-wavelength_anomalous...

    Multi-wavelength anomalous diffraction (sometimes Multi-wavelength anomalous dispersion; abbreviated MAD) is a technique used in X-ray crystallography that facilitates the determination of the three-dimensional structure of biological macromolecules (e.g. DNA, drug receptors) via solution of the phase problem.

  5. Bromodeoxyuridine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromodeoxyuridine

    The Br substitution can be used in X-ray diffraction experiments in crystals containing either DNA or RNA. The Br atom acts as an anomalous scatterer and its larger size will affect the crystal's X-ray diffraction enough to detect isomorphous differences as well. [9] [10] Bromodeoxyuridine releases gene silencing caused by DNA methylation. [11]

  6. Structural chemistry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural_chemistry

    X-ray diffraction is a powerful technique for determining the atomic and molecular structure of crystalline solids. [5] It relies on the interaction of X-rays with the electron density of the crystal lattice, producing diffraction patterns that can be used to deduce the arrangement of atoms. [5]

  7. X-ray optics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray_optics

    X-ray optics is the branch of optics dealing with X-rays, rather than visible light.It deals with focusing and other ways of manipulating the X-ray beams for research techniques such as X-ray diffraction, X-ray crystallography, X-ray fluorescence, small-angle X-ray scattering, X-ray microscopy, X-ray phase-contrast imaging, and X-ray astronomy.

  8. Dark-field X-ray microscopy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark-field_X-ray_microscopy

    Dark-field X-ray microscopy (DFXM [1] or DFXRM [2]) is an imaging technique used for multiscale structural characterisation. It is capable of mapping deeply embedded structural elements with nm-resolution using synchrotron X-ray diffraction -based imaging.

  9. Live-cell imaging - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Live-cell_imaging

    To keep cells alive during observation, the microscopes are commonly enclosed in a micro cell incubator (the transparent box). Live-cell imaging is the study of living cells using time-lapse microscopy. It is used by scientists to obtain a better understanding of biological function through the study of cellular dynamics. [1]

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