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The Meaning of Einstein's Equation — An explanation of Einstein's field equation, its derivation, and some of its consequences; Video Lecture on Einstein's Field Equations by MIT Physics Professor Edmund Bertschinger. Arch and scaffold: How Einstein found his field equations Physics Today November 2015, History of the Development of the Field ...
For a source right behind the lens, θ S = 0, the lens equation for a point mass gives a characteristic value for θ 1 that is called the Einstein angle, denoted θ E. When θ E is expressed in radians, and the lensing source is sufficiently far away, the Einstein Radius , denoted R E , is given by
An Einstein Ring is a special case of gravitational lensing, caused by the exact alignment of the source, lens, and observer. This results in symmetry around the lens, causing a ring-like structure. [2] The geometry of a complete Einstein ring, as caused by a gravitational lens. The size of an Einstein ring is given by the Einstein radius.
Next, notice that only 10 of the original 14 equations are independent, because the continuity equation ; = is a consequence of Einstein's equations. This reflects the fact that the system is gauge invariant (in general, absent some symmetry, any choice of a curvilinear coordinate net on the same system would correspond to a numerically ...
Scientists have found a rare “Einstein ring” near Earth – stumbling on it almost by accident. The rare phenomenon was spotted in test images from Euclid, a powerful space telescope.
The Einstein tensor allows the Einstein field equations to be written in the concise form: + =, where is the cosmological constant and is the Einstein gravitational constant. From the explicit form of the Einstein tensor , the Einstein tensor is a nonlinear function of the metric tensor, but is linear in the second partial derivatives of the ...
Numerical relativity is the sub-field of general relativity which seeks to solve Einstein's equations through the use of numerical methods. Finite difference, finite element and pseudo-spectral methods are used to approximate the solution to the partial differential equations which arise. Novel techniques developed by numerical relativity ...
Strong gravitational lensing is a gravitational lensing effect that is strong enough to produce multiple images, arcs, or Einstein rings. Generally, for strong lensing to occur, the projected lens mass density must be greater than the critical density , that is Σ c r {\displaystyle \Sigma _{cr}} .