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  2. Coplanarity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coplanarity

    In geometry, a set of points in space are coplanar if there exists a geometric plane that contains them all. For example, three points are always coplanar, and if the points are distinct and non-collinear, the plane they determine is unique. However, a set of four or more distinct points will, in general, not lie in a single plane.

  3. Three-body problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-body_problem

    In physics, specifically classical mechanics, the three-body problem is to take the initial positions and velocities (or momenta) of three point masses that orbit each other in space and calculate their subsequent trajectories using Newton's laws of motion and Newton's law of universal gravitation.

  4. Parallel (geometry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_(geometry)

    Since these are equivalent properties, any one of them could be taken as the definition of parallel lines in Euclidean space, but the first and third properties involve measurement, and so, are "more complicated" than the second. Thus, the second property is the one usually chosen as the defining property of parallel lines in Euclidean geometry ...

  5. Specular reflection - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specular_reflection

    A classic example of specular reflection is a mirror, which is specifically designed for specular reflection. In addition to visible light , specular reflection can be observed in the ionospheric reflection of radiowaves and the reflection of radio- or microwave radar signals by flying objects.

  6. Coplanar waveguide - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coplanar_waveguide

    Coplanar waveguides play an important role in the field of solid state quantum computing, e.g. for the coupling of microwave photons to a superconducting qubit.In particular the research field of circuit quantum electrodynamics was initiated with coplanar waveguide resonators as crucial elements that allow for high field strength and thus strong coupling to a superconducting qubit by confining ...

  7. Virtual work - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_work

    The two important examples are (i) the internal forces in a rigid body, and (ii) the constraint forces at an ideal joint. Lanczos [1] presents this as the postulate: "The virtual work of the forces of reaction is always zero for any virtual displacement which is in harmony with the given kinematic constraints." The argument is as follows.

  8. Glossary of physics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_physics

    A branch of physics that studies atoms as isolated systems of electrons and an atomic nucleus. Compare nuclear physics. atomic structure atomic weight (A) The sum total of protons (or electrons) and neutrons within an atom. audio frequency A periodic vibration whose frequency is in the band audible to the average human, the human hearing range.

  9. Planar chirality - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planar_chirality

    A planar chiral derivative of ferrocene, used for kinetic resolution of some racemic secondary alcohols [1]. This term is used in chemistry contexts, [2] e.g., for a chiral molecule lacking an asymmetric carbon atom, but possessing two non-coplanar rings that are each dissymmetric and which cannot easily rotate about the chemical bond connecting them: 2,2'-dimethylbiphenyl is perhaps the ...