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Media bias occurs when journalists and news producers show bias in how they report and cover news. The term "media bias" implies a pervasive or widespread bias contravening of the standards of journalism, rather than the perspective of an individual journalist or article. [1] The direction and degree of media bias in various countries is widely ...
The news media were also influenced by a large public relations industry that shaped public opinion on behalf of powerful interests. [28] Innis believed that the overwhelming spatial bias of modern media was heightened in the United States by the development of powerful military technologies, including atomic weapons.
The Problem of the Media: U.S. Communication Politics in the 21st Century is a book by Robert W. McChesney first published in 2004 by Monthly Review Press. [1] The book discusses issues within journalism (e.g. biased news, declining quality of content, etc.), as well as weaknesses in the media sector, and new ways to regulate such.
Entman, R. (1990) "Modern racism and the images of blacks in local television news", Critical Studies in Media Communication 7(4), p. 332-345 Entman, R. (1991) "Framing US coverage of international news: Contrasts in narratives of the KAL and Iran Air incidents", Journal of Communication 41(4), p. 6-27
Kenneth Kim, in Communication Research Reports, argued that the overriding cause of popular belief in media bias is a media vs. media worldview. He used statistics to show that people see news content as neutral, fair, or biased based on its relation to news sources that report opposite views.
However, the focus of such programs sometimes excludes certain media—film, book publishing, video games, etc. [36] The title “media studies” may be used to designate film studies and rhetorical or critical theory, or it may appear in combinations like “media studies and communication” to join two fields or emphasize a different focus.
The Toronto School has been described as "the theory of the primacy of communication in the structuring of human cultures and the structuring of the human mind." [1] [4] [5] [6] Eric Havelock's studies in the transitions from orality to literacy, as an account of communication, profoundly affected the media theories of Harold Innis and Marshall ...
Agenda-setting theory was formally developed by Maxwell McCombs and Donald Lewis Shaw in a study on the 1968 presidential election deemed "the Chapel Hill study". McCombs and Shaw demonstrated a strong correlation between one hundred Chapel Hill residents' thought on what was the most important election issue and what the local news media reported was the most important issue.