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Enteral administration is food or drug administration via the human gastrointestinal tract. This contrasts with parenteral nutrition or drug administration (Greek para , "besides" + enteros ), which occurs from routes outside the GI tract, such as intravenous routes.
In addition to pharmacological effects, rectal administration has some properties which can be advantageous for the use in medicine. Rectal administration can allow patients to remain in the home setting when the oral route is compromised.
The parenteral route is any route that is not enteral (par-+ enteral). Parenteral administration can be performed by injection, that is, using a needle (usually a hypodermic needle) and a syringe, [16] or by the insertion of an indwelling catheter. Locations of application of parenteral administration include: Central nervous system:
A syringe is a simple reciprocating pump consisting of a plunger (though in modern syringes, it is actually a piston) that fits tightly within a cylindrical tube called a barrel. The plunger can be linearly pulled and pushed along the inside of the tube, allowing the syringe to take in and expel liquid or gas through a discharge orifice at the ...
Alexander Wood's main contribution was the all-glass syringe in 1851, which allowed the user to estimate dosage based on the levels of liquid observed through the glass. [12] Wood used hypodermic needles and syringes primarily for the application of localized, subcutaneous injection (localized anesthesia) and therefore was not as interested in ...
A saline flush is the method of clearing intravenous lines (IVs), central lines or arterial lines of any medicine or other perishable liquids to keep the lines (tubes) and entry area clean and sterile.
Lyophilized drugs are stored in vials, cartridges, dual chamber syringes, and prefilled mixing systems. Lyophilization, or freeze drying, is a process that removes water from a liquid drug creating a solid powder, or cake. The lyophilized product is stable for extended periods of time and could allow storage at higher temperatures.
Patients who require nutrition therapy but have contraindications for or cannot tolerate enteral nutrition are appropriate candidates for parenteral nutrition. In the geriatric population, it is indicated if oral or enteral nutrition is impossible for 3 days or when oral or enteral nutrition is likely insufficient for more than 7 to 10 days.