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Arabic typography is the typography of letters, graphemes, characters or text in Arabic script, for example for writing Arabic, Persian, or Urdu. 16th century Arabic typography was a by-product of Latin typography with Syriac and Latin proportions and aesthetics.
The first known text in the Arabic alphabet is a late fourth-century inscription from Jabal Ram 50 km east of ‘Aqabah in Jordan, but the Zabad trilingual inscription is the earliest dated Arabic text from 512, and was discovered in Syria. [citation needed] Nevertheless, the epigraphic record is extremely sparse. Later, dots were added above ...
A vice president or vice-president, also director in British English, is an officer in government or business who is below the president (chief executive officer) in rank. It can also refer to executive vice presidents, signifying that the vice president is on the executive branch of the government, university or company.
Rektör Yardımcısı, vice-rector or vice-president (doctorate or above, generally associate professors or professors) Fakülte Dekanı , dean of the faculty (professors) Enstitü müdürü , Director of the institute (doctorate or above for research institutes, professors for graduate education institutes)
The dominant paradigm is president, vice president, associate vice president, and assistant vice president. Some university systems or multi-campus universities use both titles, with one title for the chief executive of the entire system and the other for the chief executives of each campus.
There are considerable variations in the composition and responsibilities of corporate titles. Within the corporate office or corporate center of a corporation, some corporations have a chairman and chief executive officer (CEO) as the top-ranking executive, while the number two is the president and chief operating officer (COO); other corporations have a president and CEO but no official deputy.
The Arabic script is the writing system used for Arabic (Arabic alphabet) and several other languages of Asia and Africa. It is the second-most widely used alphabetic writing system in the world (after the Latin script ), [ 2 ] the second-most widely used writing system in the world by number of countries using it, and the third-most by number ...
Those letters that do not have a close phonetic approximation in the Latin script are often expressed using numerals or other characters, so that the numeral graphically approximates the Arabic letter that one would otherwise use (e.g. ع is represented using the numeral 3 because the latter looks like a vertical reflection of the former).