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  2. List of logarithmic identities - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_logarithmic_identities

    For example, two numbers can be multiplied just by using a logarithm table and adding. These are often known as logarithmic properties, which are documented in the table below. [2] The first three operations below assume that x = b c and/or y = b d, so that log b (x) = c and log b (y) = d. Derivations also use the log definitions x = b log b (x ...

  3. Common logarithm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_logarithm

    The logarithm keys (log for base-10 and ln for base-e) on a typical scientific calculator. The advent of hand-held calculators largely eliminated the use of common logarithms as an aid to computation. The numerical value for logarithm to the base 10 can be calculated with the following identities: [5]

  4. Discrete logarithm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discrete_logarithm

    Other base-10 logarithms in the real numbers are not instances of the discrete logarithm problem, because they involve non-integer exponents. For example, the equation log 10 53 = 1.724276… means that 10 1.724276… = 53. While integer exponents can be defined in any group using products and inverses, arbitrary real exponents, such as this 1. ...

  5. Slide rule - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slide_rule

    log-log folded and scales, for working with logarithms of any base and arbitrary exponents. 4, 6, or 8 scales of this type are commonly seen. Ln linear scale used along with the C and D scales for finding natural (base e {\displaystyle e} ) logarithms and e x {\displaystyle e^{x}}

  6. Natural logarithm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_logarithm

    The natural logarithm of a number is its logarithm to the base of the mathematical constant e, which is an irrational and transcendental number approximately equal to 2.718 281 828 459. [1] The natural logarithm of x is generally written as ln x , log e x , or sometimes, if the base e is implicit, simply log x .

  7. Logarithm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logarithm

    For example, the logarithm of 1000 to base 10 is 3, because 1000 is 10 to the 3 rd power: 1000 = 10 3 = 10 × 10 × 10. More generally, if x = b y, then y is the logarithm of x to base b, written log b x, so log 10 1000 = 3. As a single-variable function, the logarithm to base b is the inverse of exponentiation with base b.

  8. Windows Calculator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Calculator

    A simple arithmetic calculator was first included with Windows 1.0. [5]In Windows 3.0, a scientific mode was added, which included exponents and roots, logarithms, factorial-based functions, trigonometry (supports radian, degree and gradians angles), base conversions (2, 8, 10, 16), logic operations, statistical functions such as single variable statistics and linear regression.

  9. Exponentiation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exponentiation

    In the base ten number system, integer powers of 10 are written as the digit 1 followed or preceded by a number of zeroes determined by the sign and magnitude of the exponent. For example, 10 3 = 1000 and 10 −4 = 0.0001. Exponentiation with base 10 is used in scientific notation to denote large or small numbers.