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The Mongols stormed into Hungary and defeated the royal army in the Battle of Muhi on 11 April 1241. [198] [199] The Mongols devastated the country for a year, but they withdrew without leaving garrisons behind. [199] [200] Hungary survived the Mongol occupation and Béla IV introduced measures to strengthen the defence system. [199]
The word "Magyar" possibly comes from the name of the most prominent Hungarian tribe, called Megyer, which became used to refer to the Hungarian people as a whole. [4] [5] [6] Written sources called Magyars "Hungarians" before the conquest of the Carpathian Basin when they still lived on the Pontic-Caspian Steppe.
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The Slavs were Christianized in waves from the 7th to 12th century, though the process of replacing old Slavic religious practices began as early as the 6th century. [1] Generally speaking, the monarchs of the South Slavs adopted Christianity in the 9th century , the East Slavs in the 10th , and the West Slavs between the 9th and 12th century.
The Kingdom of Hungary was a monarchy in Central Europe that existed for nearly a millennium, from 1000 to 1946. The Principality of Hungary emerged as a Christian kingdom upon the coronation of the first king Stephen I at Esztergom around the year 1000; [8] his family (the Árpád dynasty) led the monarchy for 300 years.
The Slavs or Slavic people are groups of people who speak Slavic languages.Slavs are geographically distributed throughout the northern parts of Eurasia; they predominantly inhabit Central Europe, Eastern Europe, Southeastern Europe, and Northern Asia, though there is a large Slavic minority scattered across the Baltic states and Central Asia, [1] [2] and a substantial Slavic diaspora in the ...
Religion in Hungary is varied, with Christianity being the largest religion. In the national census of 2022, 42.5% of the population identified themselves as Christians, of whom 29.2% were adherents of Catholicism (27.5% following the Roman Rite, and 1.7% the Greek Rite), 9.8% of Calvinism, 1.8% of Lutheranism, 0.2% of Eastern Orthodox Christianity, and 1.5% of other Christian denominations.
Wenceslaus left Hungary for Bohemia in mid-1304. [219] After he inherited Bohemia in 1305, he abandoned his claim to Hungary in favor of Otto III, Duke of Bavaria. [217] [219] Otto, who was a grandson of Béla IV of Hungary, was crowned king, but only the Kőszegis and the Transylvanian Saxons regarded him as the lawful monarch. [219]