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The timeline of discovery of Solar System planets and their natural satellites charts the progress of the discovery of new bodies over history. Each object is listed in chronological order of its discovery (multiple dates occur when the moments of imaging, observation, and publication differ), identified through its various designations (including temporary and permanent schemes), and the ...
Orbit of Mars and other Inner Solar System planets. Mars's average distance from the Sun is roughly 230 million km (143 million mi), and its orbital period is 687 (Earth) days. The solar day (or sol) on Mars is only slightly longer than an Earth day: 24 hours, 39 minutes, and 35.244 seconds. [185]
This is a timeline of Solar System exploration ordering events in the exploration of the Solar System by date of spacecraft launch. It includes: It includes: All spacecraft that have left Earth orbit for the purposes of Solar System exploration (or were launched with that intention but failed), including lunar probes .
First spacecraft to impact another planet (Mars). USSR Mars 2: 2 December 1971: First soft landing on Mars. First signals from Martian surface. First photograph from Martian surface. USSR Mars 3: 3 March 1972: First spacecraft on a trajectory out of the solar system. First spacecraft to use all-nuclear electrical power (SNAP-19 RTGs). USA (NASA ...
1990 – Voyager 1 is turned around to take the Portrait of the Planets of the Solar System, [212] source of the Pale Blue Dot image of the Earth. [ 213 ] 1991 – The Magellan spacecraft maps the surface of Venus.
As of 2022, three bodies in the Solar System, the Moon, Mars and Ryugu [71] have been visited by mobile rovers. The first robotic rover to visit another celestial body was the Soviet Lunokhod 1, which landed on the Moon in 1970. The first to visit another planet was Sojourner, which travelled 500 metres across the surface of Mars in 1997.
Sol (borrowed from the Latin word for sun) is a solar day on Mars; that is, a Mars-day. A sol is the apparent interval between two successive returns of the Sun to the same meridian (sundial time) as seen by an observer on Mars. It is one of several units for timekeeping on Mars. A sol is slightly longer than an Earth day.
For purposes of enumerating Mars years and facilitating data comparisons, a system increasingly used in the scientific literature, particularly studies of Martian climate, enumerates years relative to the northern spring equinox (L s 0) that occurred on April 11, 1955, labeling that date the start of Mars Year 1 (MY1). The system was first ...