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This criterion posits that over time erroneous beliefs and logical errors will be revealed, while if the belief is true, the mere passage of time cannot adversely affect its validity. Time is an inadequate test for truth, since it is subject to similar flaws as custom and tradition (which are simply specific variations of the time factor).
A belief is a subjective attitude that something is true or a state of affairs is the case. A subjective attitude is a mental state of having some stance, take, or opinion about something. [1] In epistemology, philosophers use the term "belief" to refer to attitudes about the world which can be either true or false. [2]
The question of what is a proper basis for deciding how words, symbols, ideas and beliefs may properly be considered true, whether by a single person or an entire society, is dealt with by the five most prevalent substantive theories of truth listed below. Each presents perspectives that are widely shared by published scholars.
In Reformed epistemology, beliefs are held to be properly basic if they are reasonable and consistent with a sensible world view. Anti-foundationalism rejects foundationalism and denies there is some fundamental belief or principle which is the basic ground or foundation of inquiry and knowledge.
Reformed epistemology – Beliefs are warranted by proper cognitive function—proposed by Alvin Plantinga. Evidentialism – Beliefs depend solely on the evidence for them. Reliabilism – A belief is justified if it is the result of a reliable process. Infallibilism – Knowledge is incompatible with the possibility of being wrong.
Teachers use Socratic seminar in different ways. The structure it takes may look different in each classroom. While this is not an exhaustive list, teachers may use one of the following structures to administer Socratic seminar: Inner/outer circle or fishbowl: Students need to be arranged in inner and outer circles. The inner circle engages in ...
The term belief perseverance, however, was coined in a series of experiments using what is called the "debriefing paradigm": participants read fake evidence for a hypothesis, their attitude change is measured, then the fakery is exposed in detail. Their attitudes are then measured once more to see if their belief returns to its previous level ...
Secondly, there is an axiomatic concept that rationality is a matter of being logically consistent within your preferences and beliefs. Thirdly, people have focused on the accuracy of beliefs and full use of information—in this view, a person who is not rational has beliefs that do not fully use the information they have.