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1263: Greenland then becomes crown dependency of Norway. 1355: In 1355 union king Magnus IV of Sweden and Norway (Magnus VII of Norway; The Swedish king had been crowned king of Norway through birthright) sent a ship (or ships) to Greenland to inspect its Western and Eastern Settlements. Sailors found settlements entirely Norse and Christian.
Europeans probably became aware of Greenland's existence in the late 9th century, after Gunnbjörn Ulfsson, while sailing from Norway to Iceland, was blown off course by a storm and sighted some islands off Greenland. During the 980s explorers led by Erik the Red set out from Iceland and reached the southwest coast of Greenland.
The first European settlement in Greenland was established by Norse colonists from Iceland around the year 1000. There were two main Norse settlements on Greenland, but both were on the southwestern coast of the island, far away from the area that later became Erik the Red's Land.
In 1985, Greenland left the European Economic Community (EEC), unlike Denmark, which remains a member. The EEC later became the European Union (EU, renamed and expanded in scope in 1992). Greenland retains some ties through its associated relationship with the EU. However, EU law largely does not apply to Greenland except in the area of trade.
Norway entered a personal union with Denmark in 1380, and Greenland subsequently became part of the Kalmar Union in 1397. [27] The Norse settlements, including Brattahlíð, thrived for several centuries before vanishing in the 15th century, possibly due to the onset of the Little Ice Age. [28]
As an independent state in modern days, Norway occupied Erik the Red's Land on Greenland from 1931 to 1933. Nils Larsen of Sandefjord's expeditions of Antarctica led to Norway's annexation of Bouvet Island in 1927 and Peter I Island in 1929. [15] Norway also maintains sovereignty of Queen Maud Land on Antarctica.
The nature of the country was, as they thought, so good that cattle would not require house feeding in winter, for there came no frost in winter, and little did the grass wither there. Day and night were more equal than in Greenland or Iceland. — Beamish (1864), p.64 [4] [5] As Leif and his crew explore the land, they discover grapes.
Norsk Data, a manufacturer of minicomputers, became Norway's second largest company by 1985, [158] just to go bankrupt by 1993. [159] Unemployment reached record-high levels in the early 1990s. [160] By 1990, Norway was Europe's largest oil producer and by 1995 it was the world's second-largest oil exporter. [144]