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Muscle atrophy is the loss of skeletal muscle mass. It can be caused by immobility, aging, malnutrition, medications, or a wide range of injuries or diseases that impact the musculoskeletal or nervous system. Muscle atrophy leads to muscle weakness and causes disability.
Cachexia (/ k ə ˈ k ɛ k s i ə / [1]) is a syndrome that happens when people have certain illnesses, causing muscle loss that cannot be fully reversed with improved nutrition. [2] It is most common in diseases like cancer, congestive heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic kidney disease, and AIDS.
The hallmark sign of sarcopenia is loss of lean muscle mass, or muscle atrophy. The change in body composition may be difficult to detect due to obesity , changes in fat mass, or edema . Changes in weight, limb, or waist circumference are not reliable indicators of muscle mass changes.
People with spinal muscle atrophy (SMA), an inherited neuromuscular disease, usually experience muscle weakness that impacts movement. New research suggests that electrical spinal cord stimulation ...
A smaller temporalis muscle can actually indicate sarcopenia, which is the age-related loss of muscle mass and strength. “Systemic sarcopenia “is often linked to frailty, reduced mobility, and ...
”Other at-risk populations include individuals on chronic steroids, which cause muscle wasting, patients unable to engage in strength and resistance training, or patients with muscle-wasting ...
Two common but distinct conditions characterized by a loss of skeletal muscle mass are sarcopenia and cachexia. [52] Sarcopenia and cachexia represent the major causes of muscle-wasting disorders. It has been known for millennia that muscle and fat wasting leads to poor outcomes, including deaths in chronic disease states.
In medicine, wasting, also known as wasting syndrome, refers to the process by which a debilitating disease causes muscle and fat tissue to "waste" away. Wasting is sometimes referred to as "acute malnutrition" because it is believed that episodes of wasting have a short duration, in contrast to stunting , which is regarded as chronic malnutrition.