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Gravity on the Earth's surface varies by around 0.7%, from 9.7639 m/s 2 on the Nevado Huascarán mountain in Peru to 9.8337 m/s 2 at the surface of the Arctic Ocean. [6] In large cities, it ranges from 9.7806 m/s 2 [ 7 ] in Kuala Lumpur , Mexico City , and Singapore to 9.825 m/s 2 in Oslo and Helsinki .
A gravity map is a map that depicts gravity measurements across an area of space, which are typically obtained via gravimetry. Gravity maps are an extension of the field of geodynamics. Readings are typically taken at regular intervals for surface analysis on Earth. [1] Other methods include analysis of artificial satellite orbital mechanics ...
For example, at a radius of 6600 km (about 200 km above Earth's surface) J 3 /(J 2 r) is about 0.002; i.e., the correction to the "J 2 force" from the "J 3 term" is in the order of 2 permille. The negative value of J 3 implies that for a point mass in Earth's equatorial plane the gravitational force is tilted slightly towards the south due to ...
Gravity is commonly measured in units of m·s −2 (metres per second squared). This also can be expressed (multiplying by the gravitational constant G in order to change units) as newtons per kilogram of attracted mass. Potential is expressed as gravity times distance, m 2 ·s −2.
where G is the universal constant of gravitation (commonly taken as G = 6.674 × 10 −11 m 3 kg −1 s −2), [10] M is the mass of Mars (most updated value: 6.41693 × 10 23 kg), [11] m is the mass of the satellite, r is the distance between Mars and the satellite, and is the angular velocity of the satellite, which is also equivalent to (T ...
In physics, a gravitational field or gravitational acceleration field is a vector field used to explain the influences that a body extends into the space around itself. [1] A gravitational field is used to explain gravitational phenomena, such as the gravitational force field exerted on another massive body. It has dimension of acceleration (L ...
The continuous ejecta and fields of secondary craters on Mercury are far less extensive (by a factor of about 0.65) for a given rim diameter than those of comparable lunar craters. This difference results from the 2.5 times higher gravitational field on Mercury compared with the Moon. [6]
The Geodetic Reference System 1980 (GRS80) consists of a global reference ellipsoid and a normal gravity model. [1] [2] [3] The GRS80 gravity model has been followed by the newer more accurate Earth Gravitational Models, but the GRS80 reference ellipsoid is still the most accurate in use for coordinate reference systems, e.g. for the ...