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Jean le Rond d'Alembert's Preliminary Discourse of l'Encyclopédie provides a history of the Enlightenment which comprises a chronological list of developments in the realm of knowledge—of which the Encyclopédie forms the pinnacle. [152] In 1783, Mendelssohn referred to Enlightenment as a process by which man was educated in the use of ...
History portal; Art of Europe; Geologic time scale; List of fossil sites with link directory. List of timelines around the world. Logarithmic timeline shows all history on one page in ten lines. Orders of magnitude (time) Periodization for a discussion of the tendency to try to fit history into non-overlapping periods. Time. Planck Time
Both the moderate Enlightenment and a radical or revolutionary Enlightenment were reactions against the authoritarianism, irrationality, and obscurantism of the established churches. Philosophers such as Voltaire depicted organized religion as hostile to the development of reason and the progress of science and incapable of verification.
Voltaire, French Enlightenment writer, philosopher and wit. Isaac Newton discovered universal gravitation and the laws of motion. Louis XIV became king of France in 1643. His reign was one of the most opulent in European history. He built a large palace in the town of Versailles.
The history of Europe is traditionally divided into four time periods: prehistoric Europe (prior to about 800 BC), classical antiquity (800 BC to AD 500), the Middle Ages (AD 500–1500), and the modern era (since AD 1500). The first early European modern humans appear in the fossil record about 48,000 years ago, during the Paleolithic era.
Member of the Jewish Enlightenment. Gotthold Ephraim Lessing (1729–1781). Edmund Burke (1729–1797). Conservative political philosopher. Johann Georg Hamann (1730–1788). Cesare Beccaria (1738–1794). Italian criminologist, jurist, and philosopher from the Age of Enlightenment. Thomas Jefferson (1743–1826). Liberal political philosopher.
Age of Enlightenment, period in Western intellectual history from the late 17th to late 18th century, centered in France but also encompassing (alphabetically by country or culture): Arab Enlightenment or Nahda, late 19th to early 20th century; England: Midlands Enlightenment, period in 18th-century England
This category groups topics regarding the Age of Enlightenment, as well as: Factors which figured in the political developments of the late 18th century and early 19th century, including the American Revolution and French Revolution .