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Light pollution has "detrimental impacts on wildlife, human health, and ecosystem functions and services". Only the damage to ecosystems is estimated as 3.36 trillion dollars per year. Ecosystems which are suffering from the highest level of light pollution, deliver 40% less ecological services.
A space telescope (also known as space observatory) is a telescope in outer space used to observe astronomical objects. Suggested by Lyman Spitzer in 1946, the first operational telescopes were the American Orbiting Astronomical Observatory , OAO-2 launched in 1968, and the Soviet Orion 1 ultraviolet telescope aboard space station Salyut 1 in 1971.
The primary fields of research include human research, space medicine, life sciences, physical sciences, astronomy and meteorology. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The 2005 NASA Authorization Act designated the American segment of the International Space Station as a national laboratory with the goal of increasing the use of the ISS by other federal agencies and ...
Modern photometric methods define magnitudes and colours of astronomical objects using electronic photometers viewed through standard coloured bandpass filters. This differs from other expressions of apparent visual magnitude [7] observed by the human eye or obtained by photography: [4] that usually appear in older astronomical texts and ...
Astronomical pictures, like observational astronomy and photography from space exploration, show astronomical objects and phenomena in different colors and brightness, and often as composite images. This is done to highlight different features or reflect different conditions, and makes the note of these conditions necessary.
Space exploration – use of astronomy and space technology to explore outer space. [1] Physical exploration of space is conducted both by human spaceflights and by robotic spacecraft . Essence of space exploration
The Large Binocular Telescope at the Mount Graham International Observatory in Arizona uses two curved mirrors to gather light. An optical telescope gathers and focuses light mainly from the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum, to create a magnified image for direct visual inspection, to make a photograph, or to collect data through electronic image sensors.
The astronomical seeing conditions at an observatory can be conveniently described by the parameters r 0 and t 0. For telescopes with diameters smaller than r 0, the resolution of long-exposure images is determined primarily by diffraction and the size of the Airy pattern and thus is inversely proportional to the telescope diameter.