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Indentured servants could not marry without the permission of their master, were frequently subject to physical punishment, and did not receive legal favor from the courts. Female indentured servants in particular might be raped and/or sexually abused by their masters. If children were produced the labour would be extended by two years. [14]
The Hebrew term `ebed is usually used for slave or bondsman (fellow Jews controlled for a period of time in a state closer to indentured servitude), but it can also refer to servants. For example, Naaman the Aramean is referred to in 2 Kings 5 as an `ebed , yet is clearly a person of high status and rank.
The Byzantine law "Ecloga" (Εκλογή) of 726 [94] for the first time introduced the method of emancipation by baptism, whereby a master or a member of his family "received the slave after baptism by immersion". This measure opened the way to war-captives to be incorporated in the Byzantine society, in both the public and private sector. [95]
According to most interpretations, the unnamed "senior servant of (Abraham's) household, who had charge of all that he owned," in Genesis 24:2, who obtained Rebecca as a bride for Isaac, was the same Eliezer. This name is first found in the Bible in Genesis 15:2 when Abraham asks God about his promises of a son while being childless, naming ...
The landowners on the islands would pay for a servant's passage and then provide the servant with food, clothes, shelter and instruction during the agreed term. The servant would then be required to work in the landowner's field for a term of bondage (usually four to seven years). Servants were not allowed to marry without the master's permission.
The Pharaoh's Handmaidens by John Collier. In the King James translation of the Hebrew Bible, the term handmaid is applied to a female servant who serves her mistress, as in the case of Hagar being described as Sarah's handmaid, [2] Zilpah being Leah's handmaid [3] and Bilhah as Rachel's handmaid.
The hours of working for domestic servants are unpredictable, and because many servants are women, their young children are often left under the care of older children or other family members. [21] [59] Moreover, these women can work up to the age of 75 and their daughters are likely to be servants in the same households. [59]
These are biblical figures unambiguously identified in contemporary sources according to scholarly consensus.Biblical figures that are identified in artifacts of questionable authenticity, for example the Jehoash Inscription and the bullae of Baruch ben Neriah, or who are mentioned in ancient but non-contemporary documents, such as David and Balaam, [n 1] are excluded from this list.