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Skeletal formula of 2-hydroxyisobutyric acid Skeletal formula of 3-hydroxyisobutyric acid Hydroxybutyric acid is a group of four-carbon organic compounds that have both hydroxyl and carboxylic acid functional groups . [ 1 ]
AI-2 is a signaling molecule used for bacterial quorum sensing. It is produced and recognized by many Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. [3] [4] AI-2 is synthesized by the reaction of DPD with boric acid [5] and is recognized by the two-component sensor kinase LuxPQ in Vibrionaceae.
In organic chemistry, 3-hydroxybutanal (acetaldol, aldol) is an organic compound with the formula CH 3 CH(OH)CH 2 CHO and the structure H 3 C−CH−CH 2 −CH=O. It is classified as an aldol ( R−CH(OH)−CHR'−C(=O)−R" ) and the word "aldol" can refer specifically to 3-hydroxybutanal.
Like other butanols, butan-2-ol has low acute toxicity. The LD 50 is 4400 mg/kg (rat, oral). [6]Several explosions have been reported [7] [8] [9] during the conventional distillation of 2-butanol, apparently due to the buildup of peroxides with the boiling point higher than that of pure alcohol (and therefore concentrating in the still pot during distillation).
Like 1,4-BD, it also behaves as a prodrug to GHB when taken exogenously. However, as with all aliphatic aldehydes , γ-hydroxybutaldehyde is caustic and is strong-smelling and foul-tasting; thus, actual ingestion of this compound is likely to be unpleasant and result in severe nausea and vomiting .
The structural relation of 1,4-butanediol (1,4-BD) to γ-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) is analogous to the relation of 4-amino-1-butanol to GABA. [1] 1,4-BD is a known prodrug of GHB which is converted into it through the actions of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). [5] [6] γ-Hydroxybutyraldehyde (GHBAL) is an ...
The chemical synthesis of BHT in industry has involved the reaction of p-cresol (4-methylphenol) with isobutylene (2-methylpropene), catalyzed by sulfuric acid: [11] CH 3 (C 6 H 4)OH + 2 CH 2 =C(CH 3) 2 → ((CH 3) 3 C) 2 CH 3 C 6 H 2 OH. Alternatively, BHT has been prepared from 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol by hydroxymethylation or aminomethylation ...
[5] On an industrial-scale 4-hydroxy-TEMPO is often present as a structural element in hindered amine light stabilizers, which are commonly used stabilizers in plastics, it is also used as a polymerisation inhibitor, particularly during the purification of styrene. It is a promising model substance to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA ...