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Chondrichthyes (/ k ɒ n ˈ d r ɪ k θ i iː z /; from Ancient Greek χόνδρος (khóndros) 'cartilage' and ἰχθύς (ikhthús) 'fish') is a class of jawed fish that contains the cartilaginous fish or chondrichthyans, which all have skeletons primarily composed of cartilage.
Golden-lined spinefoots form schools which decrease in size with the age of the fish and range from 10 to 25 fish in the adults, although they may from aggregations of several thousand fish when spawning. They feed on encrusting algae which they scrape off from beach rock or pavement areas of coral reefs, and on larger leafy algae. [2]
Fish fall into two main groups: fish with bony internal skeletons and fish with cartilaginous internal skeletons. Fish anatomy and physiology generally includes a two-chambered heart, eyes adapted to seeing underwater, and a skin protected by scales and mucous. They typically breathe by extracting oxygen from water through gills.
The jaws were used in the buccal pump (observable in modern fish and amphibians) that pumps water across the gills of fish or air into the lungs of amphibians. Over evolutionary time, the more familiar use of jaws in feeding was selected for and became a very important function in vertebrates.
The orange-spotted spinefoot first settle as fry in beds of sea grass near the mouths of rivers, The adults enter and leave tidal river channels with the ebbing and flowing of the tide. Adults also occur on the drop-offs of coastal fringing reefs. This is a schooling species and adults form schools of between 10 and 15 fishes.
The nape is bulging with a slight indentation above each eye. The deep, blunt snout also bulges. The front nostril has a flange which is slightly widened to its rear. There is a recumbent spine to the front of the dorsal fin. [5] Like all rabbitfishes, the dorsal fin has 13 spines and 10 soft rays, while the anal fin has 7 spines and 9 soft rays.
The small head does not have a steep dorsal profile byt has a pointed snout. The front nostril has a flap which extends past the rear nostril. There is a procumbent spine at the front of the dorsal fin which is enclosed in the skin of the nape. [5] The dorsal fin contains 13 spines and 10 soft rays while the anal fin has 7 spines and 9 soft ...
The blue-spotted spinefoot has a deep and compressed body with a standard length which is around twice its depth. The dorsal profile of its head has an incline of around at 45°. There is an indentation on front of the eyes and another behind the chin which makes the snout obviously protrude. There is a forward pointing spine in front of dorsal ...