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  2. Kirchhoff's law of thermal radiation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirchhoff's_law_of_thermal...

    For example, white paint is quoted as having an absorptivity of 0.16, while having an emissivity of 0.93. [13] This is because the absorptivity is averaged with weighting for the solar spectrum, while the emissivity is weighted for the emission of the paint itself at normal ambient temperatures.

  3. Emission spectrum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emission_spectrum

    The emission spectrum characteristics of some elements are plainly visible to the naked eye when these elements are heated. For example, when platinum wire is dipped into a sodium nitrate solution and then inserted into a flame, the sodium atoms emit an amber yellow color. Similarly, when indium is inserted into a flame, the flame becomes blue.

  4. Food loss and waste - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_loss_and_waste

    A majority of food waste food is avoidable, with the rest being divided almost equally into foods which are unavoidable [clarification needed] (e.g. tea bags) and those that are unavoidable due to preference [clarification needed] (e.g. bread crusts) or cooking type (e.g. potato skins).

  5. Infrared spectroscopy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared_spectroscopy

    Infrared spectroscopy (IR spectroscopy or vibrational spectroscopy) is the measurement of the interaction of infrared radiation with matter by absorption, emission, or reflection. It is used to study and identify chemical substances or functional groups in solid, liquid, or gaseous forms. It can be used to characterize new materials or identify ...

  6. Absorption spectroscopy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absorption_spectroscopy

    The infrared absorption spectrum of NASA laboratory sulfur dioxide ice is compared with the infrared absorption spectra of ices on Jupiter's moon, Io credit NASA, Bernard Schmitt, and UKIRT. Absorption spectroscopy is useful in chemical analysis [5] because of its specificity and its quantitative nature. The specificity of absorption spectra ...

  7. Absorption (chemistry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absorption_(chemistry)

    Absorption is a condition in which something takes in another substance. [1] In many processes important in technology, the chemical absorption is used in place of the physical process, e.g., absorption of carbon dioxide by sodium hydroxide – such acid-base processes do not follow the Nernst partition law (see: solubility).

  8. Spectrum (physical sciences) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrum_(physical_sciences)

    The classical example of a discrete spectrum (for which the term was first used) is the characteristic set of discrete spectral lines seen in the emission spectrum and absorption spectrum of isolated atoms of a chemical element, which only absorb and emit light at particular wavelengths. The technique of spectroscopy is based on this phenomenon.

  9. Absorption (electromagnetic radiation) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absorption_(electromagnetic...

    An overview of absorption of electromagnetic radiation.This example shows the general principle using visible light as a specific example. A white light source—emitting light of multiple wavelengths—is focused on a sample (the pairs of complementary colors are indicated by the yellow dotted lines).