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An equianalgesic chart is a conversion chart that lists equivalent doses of analgesics (drugs used to relieve pain). Equianalgesic charts are used for calculation of an equivalent dose (a dose which would offer an equal amount of analgesia) between different analgesics. [1]
Buprenorphine, sold under the brand name Subutex among others, is an opioid used to treat opioid use disorder, acute pain, and chronic pain. [18] It can be used under the tongue (sublingual) , in the cheek (buccal) , by injection ( intravenous and subcutaneous ), as a skin patch (transdermal) , or as an implant .
Buprenorphine/naloxone, sold under the brand name Suboxone among others, is a fixed-dose combination medication that includes buprenorphine and naloxone. [3] It is used to treat opioid use disorder , and reduces the mortality of opioid use disorder by 50% (by reducing the risk of overdose on full-agonist opioids such as heroin or fentanyl ).
Opioid agonist therapy (OAT) is a treatment in which prescribed opioid agonists are given to patients who live with opioid use disorder (OUD). [1] In the case of methadone maintenance treatment (MMT), methadone is used to treat dependence on heroin or other opioids, and is administered on an ongoing basis.
[129] [130] While the risk of misuse or overdose is higher with buprenorphine alone compared to the buprenorphine/naloxone combination or methadone, its usage is linked to a decrease in mortality. [ 131 ] [ 7 ] Approved in the U.S. for opioid dependence treatment in 2002, [ 132 ] buprenorphine has since expanded in form, with the FDA approving ...
Opioid use during pregnancy may cause adverse outcomes for the women and unborn child. [11] Women who use opioids during pregnancy in a non-medical fashion are at a higher risk for premature birth, lower birth weight, still birth, specific birth defects, and withdrawal (neonatal abstinence syndrome). [11]
The pregnancy category of a medication is an assessment of the risk of fetal injury due to the pharmaceutical, if it is used as directed by the mother during pregnancy. It does not include any risks conferred by pharmaceutical agents or their metabolites in breast milk .
The gluten-free diet avoids or reduces the risk of developing reproductive disorders in pregnant women with celiac disease. [ 17 ] [ 18 ] Also, pregnancy can be a trigger for the development of celiac disease in genetically susceptible women who are consuming gluten.