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An intergovernmental symposium in 1991 titled "Transparency and Coherence in Language Learning in Europe: Objectives, Evaluation, Certification" held by the Swiss Federal Authorities in the Swiss municipality of Rüschlikon found the need for a common European framework for languages to improve the recognition of language qualifications and help teachers co-operate.
European Consortium for the Certificate of Attainment in Modern Languages. The international ECL examination system provides a standardised test-system customised to the languages of the EU member states and the EU candidate countries.
Scores above B2 are presented as C1-scores on the diploma. The DSD I is presented to the candidate if they reached in all tested sections B1-level or higher of language proficiency in German. Below DSD I, a DSD A2 is presented to the candidate if they reached at least or higher A2-level of language proficiency in German in all tested sections. [11]
The Interagency Language Roundtable scale is a set of descriptions of abilities to communicate in a language. It is the standard grading scale for language proficiency in the United States's federal-level service.
The prerequisite for participating in self-directed Tandem is a lower intermediate level of language proficiency (lower B1 threshold). The can-do statements outlined in the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) [ 3 ] provide a clear description of language ability at the B1 threshold [ 4 ] in several European languages.
It is a version of the German test for immigrants A2-B1revised for Austria. Since 1 July 2011, the proof of German language skills at level B1 of the Common European Framework of Reference is required also in Austria for obtaining citizenship.
In the second view, expertise is a characteristic of individuals and is a consequence of the human capacity for extensive adaptation to physical and social environments. Many accounts of the development of expertise emphasize that it comes about through long periods of deliberate practice.
The Wikidata item linked to this page is expertise (Q644238). Use this template only on hard redirects – for soft redirects use {{ Soft redirect with Wikidata item }} . From a related word or phrase : This is a redirect from a word or phrase ( term ) to a page title that is related in some way.