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An increasing trend has been seen in India with how many households have toilet facilities. Although the Indian government has built more toilets, Indians do not necessarily use them, and continue to openly defecate [5] [6] [7] for a variety of reasons - poor quality or non-functioning toilets, reluctance to deviate from cultural norms, poverty, and government corruption.
Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh, two states that had declared themselves open defecation-free, are yet to achieve that goal. In Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh 63% and 35% respectively were estimated to be defecating in the open. [6] Household toilet construction increased from 43.79% in 2014, to 65.74% in 2016, to 98.53 in 2018. [1]
The list is compiled from the 2011 India Census Report published by Government of India. [2] [3] The rank is based on the percentage of households which have access to safe drinking water. Kerala ranked highest with 97.6%, while Andhra has the worst rank with only 33.5% households having access to safe drinking water. National average stands at ...
In ancient times, there were more open spaces and less population pressure on land, open defecation was a common practice which brought fewer health and hygiene problems. . With development and urbanization, open defecating started becoming a challenge and thereby an important public health issue, and an issue of human dignity.
The Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation of WHO and UNICEF has defined improved sanitation as follows: flush toilet, [4] connection to a piped sewer system, connection to a septic system, flush/pour-flush to a pit latrine, ventilated improved pit (VIP) latrine, pit latrine with slab, composting toilet and/or some special ...
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Human Development Index map for Indian states in 2006, as calculated by Government of India and UNDP India. [15] This is a list of Indian states by their respective Human Development Index (HDI), as of 2008. [1] Kerala stands first in Human Development Index among the states in India. 1981 to 2011 Human development index in India
Between 2014 and 2019, the Government in India claims to have built around 110 million toilets, all across India, due to which the basic sanitation coverage went up from 38.7% in October 2014 to 93.3% in 2019. [32] [33] [34] For years, most Indians depended on on-site sanitation facilities which means mainly pit latrines in rural areas. The ...