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Valves are available in several types, based on design and purpose: Gate, plug, or ball valves – Isolation; Globe valve – Throttling; Needle valve – Throttling, usually with high precision but low flow; Butterfly or diaphragm valves – Isolation and throttling; Check valve – Preventing reverse flow (non-return)
Internal parts of a typical globe valve. The body is the main pressure-containing structure of the valve and the most easily identified as it forms the mass of the valve.It contains all of the valve's internal parts that will come in contact with the substance being controlled by the valve.
The butterfly valve has been in use since the late 18th century. James Watt used a butterfly valve in his steam engine prototypes. With advances in material manufacturing and technology, butterfly valves could be made smaller and withstand more-extreme temperatures.
Left: A male threaded pipe, Right: a female threaded elbow. In plumbing fittings, the M or F usually comes at the beginning rather than the end of the abbreviated designation. For example: MIPT denotes male iron pipe thread; FIPT denotes female iron pipe thread. A short length of pipe having an MIP thread at both ends is sometimes called a nipple.
Orifice plate showing vena contracta. An orifice plate is a thin plate with a hole in it, which is usually placed in a pipe. When a fluid (whether liquid or gaseous) passes through the orifice, its pressure builds up slightly upstream of the orifice [1] but as the fluid is forced to converge to pass through the hole, the velocity increases and the fluid pressure decreases.
A ball valve is a flow control device which uses a hollow, perforated, and pivoting ball to control fluid flowing through it. It is open when the hole through the middle of the ball is in line with the flow inlet and closed when it is pivoted 90 degrees by the valve handle, blocking the flow. [1]
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