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The optic nerve is a bundle of millions of fibers in the retina that sends visual signals to the brain. Damage and death of these nerve cells, or neurons, leads to characteristic features of optic neuropathy. The main symptom is loss of vision, with colors appearing subtly washed out in the affected eye.
Choroideremia (/ k ɒ ˌ r ɔɪ d ɪ ˈ r iː m i ə /; CHM) is a rare, X-linked recessive form of hereditary retinal degeneration that affects roughly 1 in 50,000 males. The disease causes a gradual loss of vision, starting with childhood night blindness, followed by peripheral vision loss and progressing to loss of central vision later in life.
Diagnosis of age-related macular degeneration depends on signs in the macula, not necessarily vision. [65] Early diagnosis of AMD can prevent further visual deterioration and potentially improve vision. [65] Diagnosis of dry (or early stage) AMD may include the following clinical examinations as well as procedures and tests:
Family history of retinal detachment [10] Previous retinal detachment in the other eye [8] [9] [10] Lattice degeneration: Thinning of the retina, which increases its susceptibility to breaks or tears. [9] [10] [18] Cystic retinal tuft: A small, raised spot present on the retina from birth that increases the risk for tears and detachment. [9] [10]
Recently, central serous chorioretinopathy has been understood to be part of the pachychoroid spectrum. [5] [6] In pachychoroid spectrum disorders, of which CSR represents stage II, the choroid, the highly vascularized layer below the retina, is thickened and congested with increased blood vessel diameter, especially in the deep choroid (the so-called Haller's layer).
Symptoms: Lattice degeneration itself does not cause symptoms: Diagnostic method: The only way to diagnose the condition is with a dilated fundus examination by an eye care provider. A dilated fundus examination is done by administering dilating eye drops in your eyes to expand the pupil so that the retina can be carefully evaluated.
Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is a mitochondrially inherited (transmitted from mother to offspring) degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and their axons that leads to an acute or subacute loss of central vision; it predominantly affects adult males, and onset is more likely in younger adults.
Occult macular dystrophy (OMD) is a rare inherited degradation of the retina, characterized by progressive loss of function in the most sensitive part of the central retina (), the location of the highest concentration of light-sensitive cells (photoreceptors) but presenting no visible abnormality.
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