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The small, bright orange, slug-like larvae inject a toxin into aphids' leg joints to paralyze them and then suck out the aphid body contents through a hole bitten in the thorax. [3] Larvae can consume aphids much larger than themselves and may kill many more aphids than they eat when aphid populations are high. [2]
A phyllosoma larva of the spiny lobster Palinurus elephas, from Ernst Haeckel's Kunstformen der Natur. The larvae of the Achelata (slipper lobsters, spiny lobsters and furry lobsters) are unlike any other crustacean larvae. The larvae are known as phyllosoma, after the genus Phyllosoma erected by William Elford Leach in 1817. They are flattened ...
Natural enemies include predatory ladybugs, hoverfly larvae, parasitic wasps, aphid midge larvae, crab spiders, lacewing larvae, and entomopathogenic fungi. An integrated pest management strategy using biological pest control can work, but is difficult to achieve except in enclosed environments such as greenhouses .
The larvae hatch in three to six days, eat voraciously and moult three times as they grow. [5] [4] They feed not only on aphids but also on many other types of insects and even prey on larger creatures, such as caterpillars. They can consume large numbers of prey and completely destroy aphid colonies.
Mangrove crabs are predated on by wading birds, fish, sharks, [8] monkeys, hawks, and raccoons. [7] The larvae of mangrove crabs is a major source of food for juvenile fish in waterways near the crabs. [24] Adult mangrove crabs are food for the crab plover among other protected species. [17] To protect themselves the crabs can climb trees. [25]
Aphids can also transmit viruses and allow sooty mold to take hold. When the population becomes too large, an aphid might grow wings and fly away to find a fresh host plant.
After living for a short time as larvae in the ocean, the juveniles must do this migration in reverse. In many tropical areas with land crabs, these migrations often result in considerable roadkill of migrating crabs. [17]: 113–114 Once crabs have become juveniles, they still have to keep moulting many more times to become adults.
An aphid infestation can ruin a garden. Learn what causes aphids and how to identify, kill, and control them naturally for healthy plants with no aphid holes.