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Anticonvulsants suppress the excessive rapid firing of neurons during seizures. [6] Anticonvulsants also prevent the spread of the seizure within the brain. [7] Conventional antiepileptic drugs may block sodium channels or enhance γ-aminobutyric acid function. Several antiepileptic drugs have multiple or uncertain mechanisms of action. [8]
ATC code N03 Antiepileptics is a therapeutic subgroup of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System, a system of alphanumeric codes developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) for the classification of drugs and other medical products. [1] [2] [3] Subgroup N03 is part of the anatomical group N Nervous system. [4]
Convulsions are induced in captive animals, then high doses of anticonvulsant drugs are administered. [10] [11] [12] For example, kainic acid can lead to status epilepticus in animals as it is a cyclic analog of l-glutamate and an agonist for kainate receptors in the brain which makes it a potent neurotoxin and excitant. [citation needed]
Brivaracetam is used to treat partial-onset seizures with or without secondary generalisation, in combination with other antiepileptic drugs. Efficacy and tolerability is comparable in general and Intellectual Disability populations. [9] No data are available for its effectiveness and safety in people younger than 16 years of age. [10] [11] [12]
Generally, drugs outlined within the ATC code N03 should be included in this category. Please see WP:PHARM:CAT for more information. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Anticonvulsants .
Levetiracetam, sold under the brand name Keppra among others, is a novel antiepileptic drug [7] used to treat epilepsy. [8] It is used for partial-onset, myoclonic, or tonic–clonic seizures, [7] and is taken either by mouth as an immediate or extended release formulation or by injection into a vein.
Antiepileptic drugs that may be given intravenously shortly after injury include phenytoin, sodium valproate, carbamazepine, and phenobarbital. [2] Antiepileptic drugs do not prevent all seizures in all people, [ 5 ] but phenytoin and sodium valproate usually stop seizures that are in progress.
Absence seizures affect between 0.7 and 4.6 per 100,000 in the general population and 6 to 8 per 100,000 in children younger than 15 years. Childhood absence seizures account for 10% to 17% of all absence seizures. Onset is between 4 and 10 years and peaks at 5 to 7 years. It is more common in girls than in boys. [2]
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