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The annual incidence of shock of any etiology is 0.3 to 0.7 per 1000, with hemorrhagic shock being most common in the intensive care unit. Hypovolemic shock is the most common type of shock in children, most commonly due to diarrheal illness in the developing world. [4]
Shock is both common and has a high risk of death. [3] In the United States about 1.2 million people present to the emergency room each year with shock and their risk of death is between 20 and 50%. [3] The best evidence exists for the treatment of septic shock in adults.
Shaken baby syndrome (SBS), also known as abusive head trauma (AHT), is a controversial and scientifically disputed [4] [5] [6] medical condition in children younger than five years old, [3] hypothesized to be caused by blunt trauma, vigorous shaking, or a combination of both.
Septic shock is a result of a systemic response to infection or multiple infectious causes. The precipitating infections that may lead to septic shock if severe enough include but are not limited to appendicitis, pneumonia, bacteremia, diverticulitis, pyelonephritis, meningitis, pancreatitis, necrotizing fasciitis, MRSA and mesenteric ischemia.
Psychological trauma (also known as mental trauma, psychiatric trauma, emotional damage, or psychotrauma) is an emotional response caused by severe distressing events, such as bodily injury, sexual violence, or other threats to the life of the subject or their loved ones; indirect exposure, such as from watching television news, may be extremely distressing and can produce an involuntary and ...
Distributive shock is different from the other three categories of shock in that it occurs even though the output of the heart is at or above a normal level. [2] The most common cause is sepsis leading to a type of distributive shock called septic shock, a condition that can be fatal. [1]
Trauma affects all children differently (see stress in early childhood). Some children who experience trauma develop significant and long-lasting problems, while others may have minimal symptoms and recover more quickly. [56] Studies have found that despite the broad impacts of trauma, children can and do recover with appropriate interventions.
[1] [19] Injury is the leading cause of death in this age group in the United States—greater than all other causes combined. [20] It is also the leading cause of permanent paralysis for children. [ 21 ] [ 22 ] In the US approximately 16,000,000 children go to a hospital emergency room due to some kind of injury every year. [ 4 ]