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A typical runway safety area, marked in brown color. A runway safety area (RSA) or runway end safety area (RESA, if at the end of the runway) is defined as "the surface surrounding the runway prepared or suitable for reducing the risk of damage to airplanes in the event of an undershoot, [1] overshoot, or excursion from the runway."
A hot spot is a location on an airport movement area with a history or potential risk of collision or runway incursion, and where heightened attention by pilots and drivers is necessary. It is believed that this extra awareness can improve planning and navigation. Hot spots are shown on both airport diagrams and chart supplements. [6]
The Airport Movement Area Safety System (AMASS) visually and aurally prompts tower controllers to respond to situations which potentially compromise safety. AMASS is an add-on enhancement to the host Airport Surface Detection Equipment Model 3 (ASDE-3) radar that provides automated aural alerts to potential runway incursions and other hazards.
Vatican City has no airport and is too small to contain one; the Holy See has a land area of 0.44 km 2 (0.17 sq mi), and a maximum width of 900 m (3,000 ft). [13] However, it does have Vatican City Heliport in the western corner, which is used for visiting heads and officials of the city-state. [14] The nearest airport is Rome Ciampino Airport ...
The area known as metropolitan France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, as well as from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean. As of 2023, France is divided into eighteen administrative regions , of which thirteen are in metropolitan France (twelve on the continent, plus Corsica ) and five are overseas .
The runway thresholds are markings across the runway that denote the beginning and end of the designated space for landing and takeoff under non-emergency conditions. [28] The runway safety area is the cleared, smoothed and graded area around the paved runway. It is kept free from any obstacles that might impede flight or ground roll of aircraft.
It announced that as of 6 April 2020, the airport would be transitioning to single-runway operations and that it would be temporarily closing Terminals 3 and 4, moving all remaining flights into Terminals 2 or 5. [80] Dual runway operations were restored in August 2020. Heathrow returned to single-runway operations on 9 November 2020.
Runway incursion involves an aircraft, and a second aircraft, vehicle, or person. It is defined by ICAO and the U.S. FAA as "Any occurrence at an aerodrome involving the incorrect presence of an aircraft, vehicle or person on the protected area of a surface designated for the landing and take off of aircraft."