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For preterm infants who are born after 34 weeks of gestation ("late preterm infants") who are critically ill and cannot tolerate milk, there is some weak evidence that the infant may benefit from including amino acids and fats in the intravenous nutrition at a later time point (72 hours or longer from hospital admission) versus early (less than ...
Late preterm infants are infants born at a gestational age between 34 + 0 ⁄ 7 weeks and 36 + 6 ⁄ 7 weeks. [1] They have higher morbidity and mortality rates than term infants (gestational age ≥37 weeks) due to their relative physiologic and metabolic immaturity, even though they are often the size and weight of some term infants.
Normal lung development is interrupted in fetuses with IUGR, which increases their risk for respiratory compromise and impaired lung function later in life. Preterm infants with IUGR are more likely to have bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a chronic lung disease that is thought to be associated with prolonged use of mechanical ventilation. [19]
The lungs of infants with respiratory distress syndrome are developmentally deficient in a material called surfactant, which helps prevent the collapse of the terminal air spaces (the future site of alveolar development) throughout the normal cycle of inhalation and exhalation. This deficiency of surfactant is related to inhibition from the ...
Late-onset sepsis (LOS), defined as onset of symptoms after 72 hours of life, is generally caused by transmission of pathogens from the environment after delivery. Infants requiring intravascular catheters and other invasive procedures are at increased risk for developing LOS. [3]
A preterm birth, also known as premature birth, is defined as babies born alive before 37 weeks of pregnancy are completed. [40] There are three types of preterm births: extremely preterm (less than 28 weeks), very preterm (28 to 32 weeks) and moderate to late preterm (32 to 37 weeks). [40]
The condition affects over half of babies in the first week of life. [1] Of babies that are born early about 80% are affected. [2] Globally over 100,000 late-preterm and term babies die each year as a result of jaundice. [4]
Preterm birth is associated with alterations in volume of nervous tissue in early adulthood, including temporal, frontal, parietal and occipital areas. [20] Third-trimester brain development involves energy-dependent biological processes for optimal brain growth, which are disturbed in preterm infants even without observable structural brain ...