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The ideal L2 self is a person's imagined ideal future self as a second language speaker. [4] This ideal L2 self promotes motivation by inspiring the present self to strive to become the ideal self, which promotes integrative and internalized instrumental motivation in language learning. [17]
Adults who learn a second language differ from children learning their first language in at least three ways: children are still developing their brains whereas adults have mature minds, and adults have at least a first language that orients their thinking and speaking. Although some adult second-language learners reach very high levels of ...
Csizér wrote three articles which are considered seminal articles (more than 1000 citations in the field of second language learning) on motivation in second language learning. One of them is, co-authored with Zoltán Dörnyei , entitled Ten commandments for motivating language learners: results of an empirical study , published in Language ...
Dörnyei suggests five ways a teacher can build initial motivation in second language learning: (1) promoting language-related values and the benefits of knowing a second language; (2) increasing the expectancy of success; (3) encouraging goal setting; (4) ensuring teaching materials are relevant to learners; and (5) establishing realistic ...
In 2014 Zoltán Dörnyei's book Motivational Dynamics in Language Learning was influential in reorienting second language motivation research by claiming that motivation is dynamic. [11] Herdina and Jessner (2002) point out in their DMM that the complexity of multilingual systems is partly due to a number of individual factors, such as attitude ...
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Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching, 2(3), 297-309. Larsen-Freeman, D. (2013). Transfer of learning transformed. Language Learning, 63(s1), 107-129. Larsen-Freeman, D. (2015). Saying what we mean: Making the case for second language acquisition to become second language development. Language Teaching, 48(4), 491-505.
Second-language acquisition is defined as the learning and adopting of a language that is not the learner's native language. Studies [vague] have shown that extroverts acquire a second language better than introverts. [citation needed] One particular study done by Naiman [vague] reflected this point. The subjects were 72 Canadian high school ...
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