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Giant cell arteritis and its treatment impact on people's lives because of symptoms, adverse effects of GCs and disruption to normal life. [39] People with GCA have previously ranked ‘losing sight in both eyes permanently’, ‘having intense or severe pain’ and ‘feeling weak, tired or exhausted’ as important quality of life domains.
Giant cell arteritis contains two different types of arteritides that are almost indistinguishable from one another. [2] It includes two types, temporal arteritis and Takayasu arteritis. Both types contain an occupancy of medium- and larger-sized arteries which are categorized based on the infiltration of the giant cells. [2]
Sudden visual loss is the most common symptom in AAION, [1] and is most often accompanied by other symptoms of temporal arteritis: such as jaw claudication, scalp tenderness, unintentional weight loss, fatigue, myalgias and loss of appetite. [1] A related disease called polymyalgia rheumatica has a 15 percent incidence of giant cell arteritis.
Tocilizumab, sold under the brand name Actemra among others, is an immunosuppressive drug, used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis, polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis, giant cell arteritis, cytokine release syndrome, COVID‑19, and systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease (SSc-ILD).
Giant cell arteritis is most prevalent in older individuals, with the rate of disease being seen to increase from age 50. Women are 2–3 times more likely to develop the disease than men. Northern Europeans have been observed to have a higher incidence of giant cell arteritis compared to southern European, Hispanic, and Asian populations.
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AAION is due to temporal arteritis (also called giant-cell arteritis), an inflammatory disease of medium-sized blood vessels (Chapel-Hill-Conference) that occurs especially with advancing age. In contrast, NAION results from the coincidence of cardiovascular risk factors in a patient with "crowded" optic discs.
The U.S. Department of Health & Human Services may seek over $1 billion from Johnson & Johnson as reimbursement for federal health agencies' payments of medical costs for patients who allege that ...
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