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Bernoulli's equation; Bogoliubov–Born–Green–Kirkwood–Yvon hierarchy of equations; Bessel's differential equation; Boltzmann equation; Borda–Carnot equation; Burgers' equation; Darcy–Weisbach equation; Dirac equation. Dirac equation in the algebra of physical space; Dirac–Kähler equation; Doppler equations; Drake equation (aka ...
Algebra is the branch of mathematics that studies certain abstract systems, known as algebraic structures, and the manipulation of expressions within those systems. It is a generalization of arithmetic that introduces variables and algebraic operations other than the standard arithmetic operations, such as addition and multiplication.
In mathematical logic, a literal is an atomic formula (also known as an atom or prime formula) or its negation. [1] [2] The definition mostly appears in proof theory (of classical logic), e.g. in conjunctive normal form and the method of resolution. Literals can be divided into two types: [2] A positive literal is just an atom (e.g., ).
An identity is an equation that is true for all possible values of the variable(s) it contains. Many identities are known in algebra and calculus. In the process of solving an equation, an identity is often used to simplify an equation, making it more easily solvable. In algebra, an example of an identity is the difference of two squares:
This equation states that , representing the square of the length of the side that is the hypotenuse, the side opposite the right angle, is equal to the sum (addition) of the squares of the other two sides whose lengths are represented by a and b. An equation is the claim that two expressions have the same value and are equal.
Kaplansky density theorem (von Neumann algebra) Kuiper's theorem (operator theory, topology) Lax–Milgram theorem (partial differential equations) Lions–Lax–Milgram theorem (partial differential equations) Lumer–Phillips theorem (semigroup theory) Marcinkiewicz theorem (functional analysis) Mazur–Ulam theorem (normed spaces)
A literal symbol-for-symbol translation of Diophantus's syncopated equation into a modern symbolic equation would be the following: [16] = where to clarify, if the modern parentheses and plus are used then the above equation can be rewritten as: [16] (+) (+) = However the distinction between "rhetorical algebra", "syncopated algebra" and ...
This counterintuitive result occurs because in the case where =, multiplying both sides by multiplies both sides by zero, and so necessarily produces a true equation just as in the first example. In general, whenever we multiply both sides of an equation by an expression involving variables, we introduce extraneous solutions wherever that ...
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