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Convergence research aims to solve complex problems employing transdisciplinarity. [1] While academic disciplines are useful for identifying and conveying coherent bodies of knowledge , some problems require collaboration among disciplines, including both enhanced understanding of scientific phenomena as well as resolving social issues .
Due to its basis in the dynamical (state-space model) character of Algorithmic Information Theory, it encompasses statistical as well as dynamical information criteria for model selection. It was introduced by Ray Solomonoff, based on probability theory and theoretical computer science.
Convergence in distribution is the weakest form of convergence typically discussed, since it is implied by all other types of convergence mentioned in this article. However, convergence in distribution is very frequently used in practice; most often it arises from application of the central limit theorem .
The Baconian method is the investigative method developed by Francis Bacon, one of the founders of modern science, and thus a first formulation of a modern scientific method. The method was put forward in Bacon's book Novum Organum (1620), or 'New Method', to replace the old methods put forward in Aristotle 's Organon .
An iterative method is called convergent if the corresponding sequence converges for given initial approximations. A mathematically rigorous convergence analysis of an iterative method is usually performed; however, heuristic-based iterative methods are also common.
Mill's methods are five methods of induction described by philosopher John Stuart Mill in his 1843 book A System of Logic. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] They are intended to establish a causal relationship between two or more groups of data, analyzing their respective differences and similarities.
Furthermore, poorer countries can replicate the production methods, technologies, and institutions of developed countries. In economic growth literature the term "convergence" can have two meanings. The first kind (sometimes called "sigma-convergence") refers to a reduction in the dispersion of levels of income across economies. "Beta ...
Relational models are closely related to convergence models. [64] For convergence models, the goal of communication is convergence: to reach a mutual understanding. Feedback plays a central role in this regard: effective feedback helps achieve this goal while ineffective feedback leads to divergence. [66] [67] Difference models emphasize the ...