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Repolarization typically results from the movement of positively charged K + ions out of the cell. The repolarization phase of an action potential initially results in hyperpolarization, attainment of a membrane potential, termed the afterhyperpolarization, that is more negative than the resting potential. Repolarization usually takes several ...
GABA A can induce hyperpolarization through an influx of Cl – ions. GABA A itself is a chloride ion channel. [5] This process of hyperpolarization is highly dependent on which direction Cl – flows. If Cl – travels into the cell, the flow of ions increases the voltage gradient. If Cl – flows out of the cell, the voltage gradient will ...
The capacitance of the membrane is relatively unaffected by the molecules that are embedded in it, so it has a more or less invariant value estimated at 2 μF/cm 2 (the total capacitance of a patch of membrane is proportional to its area). The conductance of a pure lipid bilayer is so low, on the other hand, that in biological situations it is ...
Transient outward K+ currents following action potentials can cause hyperpolarization, allowing for low-threshold spikes. An initial ohmic leakage current composed of K+ and Na+ ions characterizes the first phase. This is followed by a hyperpolarization-activated "sag" current that contributes to slowly depolarizing the membrane potential.
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However, repolarization overshoots the resting membrane potential, because the K + channels experience a delay when closing, which causes a period of hyperpolarization. [ 4 ] This change in charge, voltage, and membrane potential generates an electrical signal referred to as an action potential.