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Sigmoid colon volvulus, also known as sigmoid volvulus, is volvulus affecting the sigmoid colon. It is a common cause of bowel obstruction [1] and constipation. It is common in Asia, India (7% of intestinal obstruction) and especially South India because of the high fibre diet. It is a very common cause of large bowel obstruction in Peru and ...
Cecal volvulus is slightly less common than sigmoid volvulus and is associated with symptoms of abdominal pain and small bowel obstruction. Volvulus can also occur in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy due to smooth muscle dysfunction. [citation needed] Gastric volvulus causes nausea, vomiting, and pain in the upper abdomen.
An ileosigmoid knot or compound volvulus is an uncommon cause of intestinal blockage. [1] The condition arises when ileum loops wrap around the bottom of a redundant sigmoid loop. [2] In some countries in Africa, Asia, and the Middle East, the ileosigmoid knot is a well-known ailment; this condition is uncommon in the West. [3]
Mechanical obstruction is the cause of about 5 to 15% of cases of severe abdominal pain of sudden onset requiring admission to hospital. [1] [2] Causes of bowel obstruction include adhesions, hernias, volvulus, endometriosis, inflammatory bowel disease, appendicitis, tumors, diverticulitis, ischemic bowel, tuberculosis and intussusception.
Volvulus [24] Sigmoid colon volvulus: Abdominal pain (>2 days, distention, constipation) Cecal volvulus: Abdominal pain (acute onset), nausea, vomiting Clinical (history and physical exam) Imaging (abdominal X-ray or CT) Sigmoid: Gastroenterology consultation (flexibile sigmoidoscopy) Cecal: General surgery consultation (right hemicolectomy)
Prompt surgical treatment is necessary for intestinal malrotation when volvulus has occurred: [citation needed] First, the patient is resuscitated with fluids to stabilize them for surgery; The volvulus is corrected (counterclockwise rotation of the bowel), The fibrous Ladd's bands over the duodenum are cut,
Primary vascular causes of bowel infarction, also known as mesenteric ischemia, are due to blockages in the arteries or veins that supply the bowel.Types of mesenteric ischemia are generally separated into acute and chronic processes, because this helps determine treatment and prognosis.
Management and treatment for neurogenic bowel dysfunction depends on symptoms and biomedical diagnosis for cause of the condition. [14] General practitioners will often refer patients to gastroenterologist to effectively manage the neurogenic bowel dysfunction.