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Oncogenomics is a sub-field of genomics that characterizes cancer-associated genes.It focuses on genomic, epigenomic and transcript alterations in cancer. Cancer is a genetic disease caused by accumulation of DNA mutations and epigenetic alterations leading to unrestrained cell proliferation and neoplasm formation.
Epigenetic inactivation is an ideal target for cancerous cells because it targets genes imperative for controlling cell growth, specifically cancer cell growth. It is crucial for these genes to be reactivated in order to suppress tumor growth and sensitize the cells to cancer curing therapies. [ 143 ]
The ACMG, incorporated in 1991, stated mission to give national representation to providers of genetic services and their patients with genetic disorders; to provide education and resources for the medical genetics profession; to improve the health of the public by promoting the development and implementation of methods to diagnose, treat and prevent genetic disease.
For example, many people know that mutations in the BRCA1 gene are involved in the development of breast cancer because of the publicity surrounding Angelina Jolie's preventative treatment. [2] Few people are aware of the immense number of other genetic variants in and around BRCA1 and other genes that may predispose to hereditary breast and ...
The cancer stem cell hypothesis proposes that the different kinds of cells in a heterogeneous tumor arise from a single cell, termed Cancer Stem Cell. Cancer stem cells may arise from transformation of adult stem cells or differentiated cells within a body. These cells persist as a subcomponent of the tumor and retain key stem cell properties.
Cancer treatment drugs pose a strong selective force on all types of cells in tumors, including cancer stem cells, which would be forced to evolve resistance to the treatment. Cancer stem cells do not always have to have the highest resistance among the cells in the tumor to survive chemotherapy and re-emerge afterwards.
The cell cycle.Many tumor suppressors work to regulate the cycle at specific checkpoints in order to prevent damaged cells from replicating. A tumor suppressor gene (TSG), or anti-oncogene, is a gene that regulates a cell during cell division and replication. [1]
The cancer stem cell model, also known as the Hierarchical Model proposes that tumors are hierarchically organized (CSCs lying at the apex [6] (Fig. 3).) Within the cancer population of the tumors there are cancer stem cells (CSC) that are tumorigenic cells and are biologically distinct from other subpopulations [7] They have two defining features: their long-term ability to self-renew and ...