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[131] État de droit is one of many ways that the principle of "rule of law" is rendered in French, including: prééminence du droit, primauté du droit, principe de droit, régime de droit, règne du droit, respect de la loi, principe de légalité, or communauté de droit.
Schema showing jurisdictional dualism in the French legal system. France has a dual system of law: one system deals with private relationships, and is sometimes called "private law" (droit privé) or "ordinary law" (droit commun), and the other system which covers administrative officials, and is called "administrative law" (droit administratif).
The principle of legality [1] [2] [a] (French: principe de légalité) is one of the most fundamental principles of French criminal law, and goes back to the Penal Code of 1791 adopted during the French Revolution, [citation needed] and before that, was developed by Italian criminologist Cesare Beccaria and by Montesquieu. [4]
A demarcation line roughly along the Loire River evolved, where south of the Loire the law depended on a version of customary Roman law and was known as the "land of written law" (le pays de droit écrit), whereas north of the Loire, it depended more on laws of Germanic origin and was known as the "land of customary law" (le pays de droit ...
In France, the term criminal procedure (French: procédure pénale) has two meanings; a narrow one, referring to the process that happens during a criminal case as it proceeds through the phases of receiving and investigating a complaint, arresting suspects, and bringing them to trial, resulting in possible sentencing—and a broader meaning referring to the way the justice system is organized ...
droit du seigneur lit. "right of the lord": the purported right of a lord in feudal times to take the virginity of one of his vassals' brides on her wedding night (in precedence to her new husband). The French term for this hypothetical custom is droit de cuissage (from cuisse: thigh). du jour
The penal code project was discussed in the Parliament between 1989 and 1991. Book I was approved in 1991 and was rapidly followed by Books II, III and IV. The nouveau code pénal (new penal code, as it was initially known) was the result of several laws promulgated July 22, 1992, which took effect on March 1, 1994.
Introduction historique au droit, 2nd rev'd edn. Paris: Presses universitaires de France, 1999. ISBN 2-13-049621-0. Castaldo, André. Introduction historique au droit, 2nd edn. Paris: Dalloz, 2003. ISBN 2-247-05159-6. Rigaudière, Albert. Introduction historique à l'étude du droit et des institutions. Paris: Economica, 2001. ISBN 2-7178-4328-0.