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Biscuit porcelain, bisque porcelain or bisque is unglazed, white porcelain treated as a final product, [1] [2] with a matte appearance and texture to the touch. It has been widely used in European pottery , mainly for sculptural and decorative objects that are not tableware and so do not need a glaze for protection.
A bisque doll or porcelain doll is a doll made partially or wholly out of bisque or biscuit porcelain. Bisque dolls are characterized by their realistic, skin-like matte finish. They had their peak of popularity between 1860 and 1900 with French and German dolls. Bisque dolls are collectible, and antique dolls can be worth thousands of dollars.
The porous nature of (fired) biscuit earthenware means that it readily absorbs water, while vitreous wares such as porcelain, bone china and most stoneware are non-porous even without glazing. [6] The temperature of biscuit firing is today usually at least 1000°C, although higher temperatures are common. [ 7 ]
The name comes from china being used to refer to the material porcelain. [1] Colloquially the term china doll is sometimes used to refer to any porcelain or bisque doll, but more specifically it describes only glazed dolls. [2] A typical china doll has a glazed porcelain head with painted molded hair and a body made of cloth or leather. They ...
Bisque-head German doll with glass eyes and ball-jointed composition body, c. 1920 Colloquially the terms porcelain doll , bisque doll and china doll are sometimes used interchangeably. But collectors make a distinction between china dolls , made of glazed porcelain , and bisque dolls , made of unglazed bisque or biscuit porcelain .
The oven can fire biscuit porcelain in 15–16 hours and glass or glazed porcelain in 11–12 hours. One firing requires 25 cubic metres of wood, which is burnt over 48 hours using a specialised technique in order to raise the temperature.
Hard-paste porcelain was invented in China, and it was also used in Japanese porcelain.Most of the finest quality porcelain wares are made of this material. The earliest European porcelains were produced at the Meissen factory in the early 18th century; they were formed from a paste composed of kaolin and alabaster and fired at temperatures up to 1,400 °C (2,552 °F) in a wood-fired kiln ...
Bisque may refer to: Biscuit porcelain, unglazed porcelain as a finished product; Bisque (pottery), a piece of partially fired, or "biscuit-fired" unglazed pottery; Bisque doll, a doll made of bisque or biscuit porcelain; Bisque (food), a thick, creamy soup made from puréed seafood or vegetables; Bisque, a free turn in a handicap croquet match