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Semi-solid metal casting (SSM) is a near net shape variant of die casting. [1] The process is used today with non-ferrous metals, such as aluminium, copper, [2] and magnesium. It can work with higher temperature alloys that lack suitable die materials. The process combines the advantages of casting and forging.
The iron cycle is an important component of the terrestrial ecosystems. The ferrous form of iron, Fe 2+, is dominant in the Earth's mantle, core, or deep crust. The ferric form, Fe 3+, is more stable in the presence of oxygen gas. [22] Dust is a key component in the Earth's iron cycle.
Forging temperature is the temperature at which a metal becomes substantially more soft, but is lower than the melting temperature, such that it can be reshaped by forging. [1] Bringing a metal to its forging temperature allows the metal's shape to be changed by applying a relatively small force, without creating cracks.
Forging a nail. Valašské muzeum v přírodě, Czech Republic. Forging is one of the oldest known metalworking processes. [1] Traditionally, forging was performed by a smith using hammer and anvil, though introducing water power to the production and working of iron in the 12th century allowed the use of large trip hammers or power hammers that increased the amount and size of iron that could ...
The salt in the brine reduces the formation of steam bubbles on the object's surface, meaning there is a larger surface area of the object in contact with the water, thus facilitating better conduction of heat from the object to the surrounding water. Quench hardening is generally applicable to some ferrous alloys, but not copper alloys.
Direct Chill casting is a method for the fabrication of cylindrical or rectangular solid ingots from non-ferrous metals, especially Aluminum, Copper, Magnesium and their alloys. The original ingots are usually further processed by other methods (rolling, forging, etc.). More than half of global aluminum production uses the Direct Chill casting ...
Centrifugal casting (industrial) Continuous casting; Die casting; Evaporative-pattern casting. Full-mold casting; Lost-foam casting; Investment casting (Lost-wax casting) Countergravity casting [1] Lost-foam casting; Low pressure die casting; Permanent mold casting; Plastic mold casting; Resin casting; Sand casting; Shell molding; Slush casting ...
Steel castings are used when iron castings cannot deliver enough strength or shock resistance. [1] Examples of items that are steel castings include: hydroelectric turbine wheels, forging presses, gears, railroad truck frames, valve bodies, pump casings, mining machinery, marine equipment, turbocharger turbines and engine cylinder blocks. [1]