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Colt was last updated in 2004 (when Java 1.4 was the current release) and its code base has been incorporated into the Parallel Colt code base, which has received more recent development. Colt provides an infrastructure for scalable scientific and technical computing in Java. It is particularly useful in the domain of High Energy Physics at CERN.
Matrix Toolkit Java is a linear algebra library based on BLAS and LAPACK. ojAlgo is an open source Java library for mathematics, linear algebra and optimisation. exp4j is a small Java library for evaluation of mathematical expressions. SuanShu is an open-source Java math library. It supports numerical analysis, statistics and optimization.
For example, in base 2, the counter can estimate the count to be 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, and all of the powers of two. The memory requirement is simply to hold the exponent. As an example, to increment from 4 to 8, a pseudo-random number would be generated such that the probability the counter is increased is 0.25. Otherwise, the counter remains at 4.
An asynchronous (ripple) counter is a "chain" of toggle (T) flip-flops in which the least-significant flip-flop (bit 0) is clocked by an external signal (the counter input clock), and all other flip-flops are clocked by the output of the nearest, less significant flip-flop (e.g., bit 0 clocks the bit 1 flip-flop, bit 1 clocks the bit 2 flip ...
This idea is motivated by the fact that some binary patterns occur more commonly in texture images than others. A local binary pattern is called uniform if the binary pattern contains at most two 0-1 or 1-0 transitions. For example, 00010000 (2 transitions) is a uniform pattern, but 01010100 (6 transitions) is not.
[1] [2] It is denoted by π(x) (unrelated to the number π). A symmetric variant seen sometimes is π 0 (x), which is equal to π(x) − 1 ⁄ 2 if x is exactly a prime number, and equal to π(x) otherwise. That is, the number of prime numbers less than x, plus half if x equals a prime.
The mantissa x (where log2(x) is between -1/2 and 1/2) is then compared to a table and intervals for further reduction into a z with known log2 and an in-range x/z, along with polynomial coefficients used for the interval x/z is in. The result is then log(z) + log(x/z) + k. [7]
For ordered access as defined by the java.util.NavigableMap interface, java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentSkipListMap was added in Java 1.6, [1] and implements java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentMap and also java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentNavigableMap. It is a Skip list which uses Lock-free techniques to make a tree. Performance is O(log(n)).