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The narrowing of blood vessels leads to an increase in peripheral resistance, thereby elevating blood pressure. While vasoconstriction is a normal and essential regulatory mechanism for maintaining blood pressure and redistributing blood flow during various physiological processes, its dysregulation can contribute to pathological conditions.
Each vessel courses superiorly along each side of the neck, merging within the skull to form the single, midline basilar artery. As the supplying component of the vertebrobasilar vascular system , the vertebral arteries supply blood to the upper spinal cord , brainstem , cerebellum , and posterior part of brain .
The anterior choroidal artery typically originates from the internal carotid artery.It may (rarely) instead arise from the middle cerebral artery. [1]It originates from the distal internal carotid artery (ICA) 5 mm distal to the origin of the posterior communicating artery and just proximal to the terminal bifurcation of the ICA.
A disrupted blood supply to posterior inferior cerebellar artery due to a thrombus or embolus can result in a stroke and lead to lateral medullary syndrome. Severe occlusion of this artery or to vertebral arteries could lead to Horner's Syndrome as well.
The head and neck are emptied of blood by the subclavian vein and jugular vein. Right side of neck dissection showing the brachiocephalic, right common carotid artery and its branches. The brachiocephalic artery or trunk is the first and largest artery that branches to form the right common carotid artery and the right subclavian artery.
They unite with small veins from the deep muscles at the upper part of the back of the neck, and form a vessel which enters the foramen in the transverse process of the atlas, and descends, forming a dense plexus around the vertebral artery, in the canal formed by the transverse foramina of the upper six cervical vertebrae.
The brachiocephalic artery, brachiocephalic trunk, or innominate artery is an artery of the mediastinum that supplies blood to the right arm, head, and neck. [1] [2] It is the first branch of the aortic arch. [3] Soon after it emerges, the brachiocephalic artery divides into the right common carotid artery and the right subclavian artery. [4]
In anatomy, arterial tree is used to refer to all arteries and/or the branching pattern of the arteries. This article regards the human arterial tree. Starting from the aorta: the following are the parts